Choose the word or word combination to match the definition.
1. A person who works under you.
| a) leader | b) supervisor | c) subordinate |
2. A private individual who runs a one-man business.
| a) supplier | b) sole trader | c) partner |
3. A very large organization that owns companies in more than one country.
| a) association | b) partnership | c) multinational |
4. The money gained in a business deal, esp. the difference between the amount earned and the amount spent.
| a) loan | b) profit | c) loss |
5. To enter new types of business.
| a) to succeed | b) to cooperate | c) to diversify |
6. The sale of goods in large amounts, and usually at lower prices, to stores and businesses.
| a) retail trade | b) wholesale trade | c) free trade |
7. The sale of a business or service owned by the government to private owners.
| a) nationalization | b) restriction | c) privatization |
8. A firm run by two or more partners.
| a) consortium | b) sole proprietorship | c) partnership |
9. A company in which the owners are entirely liable for the debts of the company.
| a) unlimited liability company | b) partnership |
| c) limited liability company |
10. Money owed by one person or an organization to another.
| a) wealth | b) debt | c) profit |
11. A market where stocks and shares are bought and sold under fixed rules.
| a) foreign exchange | b) commodity exchange | c) stock exchange |
12. A sum of money invested in a business.
| a) stake | b) dividend | c) interest |
13. Combining two companies into one larger company.
| a) bid | b) witness | c) merger |
14. A business or part of business bought by another company.
| a) purchase | b) takeover | c) sell-off |
15. The workers or employees of an organization.
| a) capital | b) commodity | c) staff |
16. A person who works for another person, business or government.
| a) employee | b) colleague | c) employer |
17. A group of directors who are responsible for running a company and usually have legal responsibilities to it.
| a) senior executives | b) managing directors | c) board of directors |
18. State–owned and– run organizations.
| a) insurance sector | b) public sector | c) retail sector |
19. A limit on something.
| a) restriction | b) reservation | c) regulation |
20. A person who owns shares in a company.
| a) creditor | b) shareholder | c) investor |
Unit ii People and Organization
Lesson 1
Text: Employment
Grammar: Tense Revision. Present time.
Terms to remember:
| employment | ™ | зайнятість, робота за наймом; надання роботи |
| reflect (v) | ™ | відображувати |
| be self-employed (v) | ™ | працювати самостійно; працювати не за наймом |
| work freelance (v) | ™ | працювати не за наймом; бути вільним художником |
| businesspeople | ™ | ділові люди |
| flexible | ™ | гнучкий |
| employer | ™ | наймач, роботодавець |
| entrepreneur | ™ | підприємець |
| fixed-term contract | ™ | строковий контракт |
| part-time worker | ™ | робітник, який зайнятий неповний робочий день |
| permanent job | ™ | постійна робота |
| temporary job | ™ | тимчасова робота |
| administration | ™ | управління, керування (справа-ми); адміністрація, керівництво |
| reject (v) | ™ | відхиляти |
| Human resources (HR) | ™ | персонал, людські ресурси |
| Human Resources department | ™ | відділ кадрів |
| recruitment | ™ | набір (кадрів); надання роботи |
| staff appraisal | ™ | оцінка роботи персоналу |
| welfare | ™ | соціальне забезпечення; допомога з соціального забезпечення |
| pension | ™ | пенсія |
| ensure (v) | ™ | забезпечувати, гарантувати |
| available | ™ | наявний, доступний |
| meet the needs (v) | ™ | задовольняти потреби |
| team | ™ | бригада, група, команда |
| job rotation | ™ | зміна робіт; ротація робочих завдань |
| job security | ™ | гарантія роботи, стабільність роботи, гарантія зайнятості, забезпечення роботою |
Employment
Work plays a major part in most people’s lives. People of all sorts work in business, and the terms businessman and businesswoman reflect this, referring to a wide range of individuals, from the rich and famous to small company owners, from people in large organizations to those who work for themselves.
Businessmen and women are referred to together as businesspeople.
Many people choose to be self-employed (to have their own business) or to work freelance for several employers.
An entrepreneur is someone who starts their own company.
As the labour market becomes more flexible, many employers respond by increasing the number of fixed-term contracts and part-time workers. We can also speak about permanent or temporary job.
In large organizations, administration of people is done by the personnel department, although this expression is now sometimes rejected. Companies talk instead about their human resources or HR.
The Human Resources department of a company is responsible for planning, recruitment of new people, staff training and development, staff appraisal, welfare, pensions administration and industrial relations. It works to ensure that the right people are available to meet the company’s needs.
Some companies move their workers regularly between teams or departments. This is called job rotation. Job security is knowing or feeling that a job will last for a long time.
Exercises in Word Study
Ex.1. Form nouns from the following verbs:
reflect, own, refer, recruit, train, appraise, administer, ensure, rotate, secure, express, develop.
Ex.2. Give the English for:
зайнятість, ділова жінка, власник компанії, відділ кадрів, відповідати за планування, набір нових кадрів, підготовка кадрів, соціальне забезпечення, задовольняти потреби компанії, бригада, зміна робіт, гарантія роботи, строковий контракт, роботодавець, оцінкa роботи, працювати не за наймом, підприємець, постійна робота, тимчасова робота.
Ex.3. Match words from list A with words from list B that have a similar meaning:
| A | B |
| available rich famous businessman human resources department be responsible for staff ensure staff appraisal last fixed-term contract | continue business person personnel department be in charge of performance appraisal wealthy renowned make sure terminal contract personnel obtainable |
Ex.4. Find suitable opposites to the following words and phrases:
employment, rich, full-time worker, employee, famous, regularly.