Adverbs that modify the whole clause

Adverbs that modify the whole clause usually come at the beginning or at the end of the clause or directly after the subject.

- adverbs that express the writer’s attitude:

briefly, of course, certainly, perhaps, in fairness, objectively

The solution, certainly, cannot be found in new laws.

Let usbriefly consider the next piece of evidence.

- adverbs that join ideas within the sentence or with ideas in other sentences or paragraphs.:

Also, as well, besides, therefore, furthermore, in addition to, however, consequently, nevertheless, too, subsequently, as a result.

Do not confuse conjunctive adverbs with coordinating conjunctions.

Therefore, we must conclude that the result is correct.

We, therefore, must conclude that the result is correct.

We must, therefore, conclude that the result is correct.

We must conclude, therefore, that the result is correct.

We must conclude that the result is correcttherefore.

(Although authorities do not agree about the comma rules, you will not be wrong if you separate interrupters from the rest of the clause by comma).

Compound adverbs

Compound adverbs are formed from the words of “where, here, there” and their combination with different prepositions. - Compound adverbs with ‘where” and a preposition are equal to the combination of this preposition and a pronoun “which”.

Whereby = by what, by which

Wherethrough= through which

A contract of agency is a contract whereby (whereunder) one party (the agent) undertakes to bring other party (the principal) into contractual relationship with a third party.

- Compound adverbs with “here” and a preposition are equal to the combination of this preposition and a pronoun “this”.

Hereto = to this

Herefrom = from this

Herein = in this

Subject to 5 b) and Clause 10herein , this insurance covers the goods against all risks.

We attachhereto a copy of our latest price-list.

- Compound adverbs “hereinafter” and “hereinbefore” are formed by combination of “here” with two prepositions:

Hereinafter = in this (document) further

Hereinbefore = in this (document) before (above)

The sale of goods hereinafter specified is subject to a variation at seller’s option of 10% more or less on the contract quantity.

- Compound adverbs containing “there” and a preposition are equal to a combination of this preposition and a pronoun “that”.

Thereabout = about that

The contract provided for the purchase of 5,000 tons of wheat or thereabout.

PRACTICE

1.Match the sentences in column A with those in column B.

1. It was his first real job interview for three years.

2.He missed the bus and thought he was late.

3.During the interview they asked him why he wanted to work with the firm.

4.They said ”Don’t contact us, we’ll contact you”.

5.He then did a course on interview skills.

6.He got to know a lot of famous musicians and went on tour with them.

a) Eventually, he set up his own label and became a millionaire.

b)Shortly after he managed to find a job with a major record label.

c)Luckily someone gave him a lift and he got there on time.

d)Naturally he felt very sorry.

e)Foolishly he said that he just needed the money and any job would do.

f)Obviously he hadn’t got the job.

2.Using an appropriate adverb, respond to these questions about your own work situation, as in the example.

Example:

How quickly do your colleagues work?

11.They work extremely fast.

1. Do they arrive late for work?

2. Where do you usually work?

3. How well do you get on with your boss?

4. have you seen him or her recently?

5. What do you think of his/her performance?(be honest).

3.Insert the adverbs into each line of this message in the most natural position.

a)Thank you for the e-mail you sent. I have spoken to Eric (yesterday; already)

but he says he is waiting for confirmation from the board (still)

before we can go ahead with the proposed changes. The delay (quite frankly)

is getting on my nerves but I hope to get started on the project. (very soon)

As in the case, we still receive confirmation at the last (often; suddenly)

minute and have to work for the next couple of months (flat out)

in order to get into production. (fast).

b) Hi! Thanks for your e-mail. I’m sorry I haven’t (very)

got back to you sooner but we’ve been rushed (terribly)

in the office. We seem to be so busy. (always)

It seems the launch has been successful, (remarkably)

beyond our wildest dreams in fact. We are delighted (obviously)

and we have had a large order from a company (already)

in China. This is a fabulous news. See you soon. (absolutely)

4.The words in the following sentences are in the wrong order. Rewrite them in the correct order.

1. For confirmation I still am waiting.

2. I wear never jeans at work.

3. He speaks very well Greek.

4. Cheaper I will be probably able to get it.

5. To welcome visitors I always am pleased.

6. His idea completely is absurd.

5.Choose the correct adjective or adverb for each sentence.

1. The linguini tastes (good, well).

2. I feel (bad, badly) about the mistake.

3. The health farm is a ( real, really) expensive resort.

4. It (most, almost) always rains during the first two days of our annual rodeo.

5. The child reads exceptionally (good, well).

6. The steak was (bad, badly) burned.

7. If we are going to perform well, we must practice(regular, regularly).

8. She spoke so (quite, quitely) that I couldn’t hear her.

9. The employees felt (bitter/bitterly) about the layoff.

10. Our test was (awful/awfully) hard.

6.Translate the following sentences.

1.He looked tired, so deathly tired

2. The man must have had diabolically acute hearing.

3. He was free to go off with his easel where and when he liked.

4. Patients insist on having microbes nowadays.

5. I think sometimes there is nothing before me but hard work... .

6. She consulted her husband at once.

7. I want to understand quite clearly what our position as regards each other is to be.

8. They had been dancing together.

9. The driver was ordered to take the car to the pool and Jates and Karen went afoot.

10. The only thing is to cut the knot for good.

11. Twice I doubled round corners, thrice I crossed the road and came back on my tracks.

12. The boy was due to go tomorrow.

13. She seems to be simple enough.

14. They are quiet at present.

15. I must get the money somehow.

16. They ate little, at some length, and talked of his father’s catalogue.

17. It had been a glorious summer and after holidays abroad and at sea they were practically all back in London.

18. His faint, pale, supercilious smile had deepened just a little.

19. I always wanted to get home quick to mother.

20.