Притяжательные местоимения
Занятие 1.
I. Topics
I’m a medical student. My working day.
I am a first-year student of the Volgograd State Medical University. I live with my parents in a flat (house) in the Voroshylovsky district. (I am not a native of Volgograd, so I live in a hostel or rent a flat).
Every day I have much interesting and necessary work to do. I always remember that the lost time is never gained and that is why I do not like to waste even a minute.
I get up early in the morning – at about 6 o’clock, do my morning exercises and have a cold rubdown. As I am a medical student I consider that physical exercises are a good remedy for the protection of our health against diseases.
After breakfast I get dressed and leave home. It takes me 30 minutes to get to the University by mini – bus.
Our classes usually begin at 8.30.We have several practical classes and a lecture or two every day. It is useful to us to listen to the lectures because the professors always deliver them clearly and scientifically.
On Friday we usually have a lecture in Physics. Our professor is not only a very good specialist in his field of science but also a qualified teacher. He delivers lectures in his own way and gives us many new and interesting facts about the application of physics in medicine. The professor shows us that at present deep knowledge of this subject will be valuable in our future work.
I also spend a lot of time in the dissecting-room because I know that I shall need deep knowledge of Anatomy in the future. And only hard work in the dissecting room will give me the possibility to gain this knowledge. That’s why there are always many students in the dissecting – room.
After classes I go home, have lunch and take a rest. I am often tired but I understand that every day which passes by gives me much valuable and necessary knowledge.
I also work hard in laboratories and perform different laboratory works. Sometimes I go to the library where I read additional literature and some special medical articles.
I work very hard because I want to be a good doctor.
Задание 1. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты слов и словосочетаний. Запомните их.
- первокурсник, общежитие, потерянное время, лечебное средство, защита от заболеваний, занятие, область знания, применение, знания, секционная, возможность;
- быть родом из, снимать квартиру, тратить время, просыпаться (утром), делать зарядку, принимать душ, возвращать (получать), считать (иметь мнение), покидать (уходить), читать (проводить) лекцию, выполнять лабораторную работу;
- необходимый, практический, понятно, научно, квалифицированный, глубокий, ценный, упорная (работа), дополнительный.
Задание 2. Ответьте на вопросы:
1) Where do you live now?
2) Are you native of Volgograd?
3) How early do you get up?
4) What do you usually do in the morning?
5) Are physical exercises useful for a person?
6) How long does it take you to get to the University?
7) How many classes a day do you have?
8) Which is your favourite lecture? Why?
9) What do you usually do when your classes are over?
10) Do you read additional literature? In what subjects?
II. Grammar
Глаголы to be, to have
Грамматические функции и значения глаголов to have и to be меняются в зависимости от того, какое слово следует за этими глаголами.
| Функции глаголов | to be | to have |
| Глагол-связка. Признак: перед именем существительным, прилагательным, числительным, местоимением, иногда инфинитивом. | He is a doctor. The lecture was interesting. They were five. It is me. Our task is to learn English well. | |
| Смысловой глагол. Признак: перед именем существительным (для to be с предлогом). | He is at the clinic now. | We have two lectures today. |
| Вспомогательный глагол. Признак: перед причастием I и II смыслового глагола. | The doctor is examining the patient now. The patient was examined and sent to the operating room. | The students have spoken to the professor. |
| Модальный глагол. Признак: перед инфинитивом смыслового глагола с частицей to. | He is to come at 5. She was to speak at the morning conference yesterday. | The doctor has to operate on this patient at once. I have to leave. |
Выполните упражнения:
упр. 1. Прочтите следующие предложения и назовите время, в котором стоит глагол-сказуемое.
1) I am a student.
2) My grandfather was a chemist.
3) My favourite writer is Jack London.
4) I have many books by Jack London.
5) I shall be a doctor.
6) We had a lesson in chemistry yesterday.
упр. 2. Поставьте глагол to be или глагол to have в нужную временную форму.
1) We (to be) at the University yesterday.
2) I (to be) at the library tomorrow.
3) Oleg Petrov (to be) from Kursk.
4) He (to have) a book by Jack London last year.
5) My father and my mother (to be) doctors.
6) I (to have) a brother.
упр. 3. Вставьте глагол to be в Present, Past или Future Simple.
1) My father ... a teacher.
2) He ... a pupil twenty years ago.
3) I ... a doctor when I grow up.
4) My sister ... not ... at home tomorrow.
5) She ... at school tomorrow.
6) ... you ... at home tomorrow?
7) ... your father at work yesterday?
8) My sister ... ill last week.
9) She ... not ill now.
10) Yesterday we... at the theatre.
11) Where ... your mother now? — She ... in the kitchen.
12) Where ... you yesterday? — I ... at the cinema.
13) When I come home tomorrow, all my family ... at home.
14) ... your little sister in bed now? — Yes, she ...
15) ... you... at school tomorrow? — Yes I ... .
16) When my granny... young, she ... an actress.
17) My friend … in Moscow now.
18) He ... in St. Petersburg tomorrow.
19) Where ... your books now? – They ... in my bag.
упр. 4. Определите функцию глагола “to be” и глагола “to have” в следующих предложениях:
1) Somebody is speaking.
2) This text is not very difficult.
3) I was to meet George at 7 p.m. yesterday.
4) I’m not working tomorrow, so I don’t have to get up early.
5) They had the exam in mathematics last week.
6) I’ll be late for work tomorrow. I have to go to the dentist.
7) He is to carry Jack’s equipment tomorrow.
8) The students have already written a grammar test.
9) Medical students have their practical training at various clinics and hospitals.
Местоимения (the pronoun)
Местоимение – часть речи, которая употребляется вместо имени существительного и других частей речи, определяющих его.
Pirogov is the greatest Russian surgeon. He used the methods of antiseptics during the Crimean war.
Местоимения делятся на: личные, притяжательные, указательные, вопросительные, относительные, усилительные, возвратные, неопределенные, отрицательные. Личные местоимения имеют формы числа и падежа. Вопросительное и относительное местоимение who имеет падежную форму whom. Указательные и возвратные (усилительные) местоимения изменяются по числам.
Личные местоимения
Именительный падеж Объектный падеж
I я me мне, меня
he он him его, ему
she она her её, ей
it оно (он, она) it его, ему, её, ей
we мы us нас, нам
you вы you вас, вам
they они them их, им
Притяжательные местоимения
Выполняют функцию определения и употребляются:
перед определяемым существительным самостоятельно
my – my brother mine – this book is mine
his his
her hers
its (неодушевленный предмет) (не употребляется)
our ours
your yours
their theirs
Указательные местоимения
единственное число множественное число
this этот, эта, это these эти
that тот, та, то those те
После местоимений this и that часто употребляется слово-заменитель one во избежание повторения упомянутого ранее существительного. Например:
This book is mine and that one is yours. Эта книга моя, а та – ваша.