MODERNIZATION AND LIFETIME EXTENSION OF NPP UNITS. In the framework of implementation of the Program for nuclear industry development in the Russian Federation in 1998 - 2005 and for the period until 2010
In the framework of implementation of the Program for nuclear industry development in the Russian Federation in 1998 - 2005 and for the period until 2010 authorized by the Decree of the Russian Federation Government Ns 815, July 21, 1998, it is expected to extend the operation of the plant units beyond the designed lifetime period of 30 years due to implementation of a set of measures that will ensure their safety during continued operation.
At present, a number of activities for upgrading and preparation to lifetime extension at the Novovoronezh-3 and 4 (2001 and 2002 accordingly), Hola-1, Leningrad-1, Bilibino-1 was implemented. The related licenses were obtained from Gosatomnadzor of Russia for extended operation of the above power units.
By 2006, it is planned to implement a similar scope of activities for upgrading and lifetime extension [LTE) for six more power units of the first generation, including:
- in 2004 - Kola-2 and Bilibino-2;
- in 2005 - Leningrad-2 and Bilibino-3;
- in 2006 - Kursk-1 and Bilibino-4.
Thus, in 2006 the cumulative installed capacity of the power units with the extended life will be 4 762 MW.
2 Переведите на русский язык следующие английские словосочетания:
1) environment protection activities;
2) ecological safety requirements;
3) monitoring of the effectiveness of gas and water processing facilities;
4) compliance with the prescribed limits for gaseous releases into atmosphere;
5) generation and handling of hazardous wastes;
6) enhancement of eco logical culture of personnel;
7) rational environmental management;
8) implementation of resource-saving technologies;
9) decreased natural resource consumption;
10) credible, comprehensive and timely information.
3 Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:
1) обеспечить экологическую безопасность;
2) организационно-технические мероприятия;
3)состояние природных ресурсов, окружающей среды;
4)уровень загрязнения;
5)производственный экологический мониторинг;
7) экологические службы АЭС;
8) получение, обработка и анализ информации;
9) оценка состояния окружающей среды;
10) выработка своевременных и экономически эффективных решений.
4 Найдите в тексте слова, имеющие общий корень с данными словами. Определите, к какой части речи они относятся, и переведите их на русский язык:
1) togenerate;
2) to cumulate;
3) life;
4) to credit;
5) to comprehend;
6) to assess;
7) industry;
8) administrative;
9) environment;
10) to implement.
5 Задайте к выделенному в тексте предложению все типы вопросов (общий, альтернативный, разделительный, специальный: а) к подлежащему, б) к второстепенному члену предложения).
An ecological audit of the environment protection activities of nuclear power plants was finalized in 2003.
6 Выполните анализ данных предложений, обратив внимание на следующие грамматические явления: формы и функции инфинитива, инфинитивные конструкции (сложное дополнение, подлежащее), существительное в роли определения, функции слов one (ones), that (those), условные предложения:
1)Rational environmental management is achieved at NPP due to implementation of resource-saving technologies and decreased natural resource consumption.
2)In order to ensure ecological safety, credible, comprehensive and timely information on the status of the environment and natural resources and of the pollution levels in the vicinity of NPP is required.
3) Industrial ecological monitoring, performed by the ecological services of NPP, includes gathering, processing and analyzing the information required for the assessment of the environmental status and for development of timely and cost-efficient solutions.
4) The release of pollutants by nuclear plants is steadily decreasing and presently amounts to about 30 % of the limit prescribed by the environment protection authorities.
5) In 2003, all the hazardous (non radioactive) wastes were dispatched to equipped storage and processing sites or specialized storage facilities Utilization of the wastes was controlled by the ecological services of NPP.
6) The related licenses were obtained from Gosatomnadzor of Russia for extended operation of the above power units.
7) The fact that no incidents or accidents associated with environmental pollution or other negative impacts on the environment occurred at Russian nuclear power plants allows claiming that in 2003, like in the previous years, nuclear power plants are ecologically friendly and safe installations, and characterizing the production and commercial activities of NPP as stable.
7 Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:
1) How is rational environmental management achieved at NPP?
2) What does industrial ecological monitoring, performed by the ecological services of NPP, include?
3)What was thepollution of the atmosphere by harmful chemical substances in 2003?
4) What is the share of NPP in the total volume of the pollutants released into atmosphere by Russian industries?
5) What is the amount of pollutants release by nuclear plants?
6) What was the water intake in 2003?
7) When was an ecological audit of the environment protection activities of nuclear power plants finalized?