Exercise 13. Translate the Ukrainian words and word combinations given in brackets using Participle 1 or Participle П
1. The research work (що виконується) is of great importance. 2. There are many components (що об’єднуються) to form an integrated information system. 3. Bar coding is a system (розроблена) to facilitate logistics information collection and exchange. 4. Electronic scanning is the system (що була створена) for reading the bar coding symbols. 5. The man (який керує) the vehicles is a dispatcher. 6. Radio Frequency Data Communication technology (що використовується) within relatively small areas, such as distribution centers, facilitates two-way information exchange. 7. A major application of computer technology is real time communication (що дає змогу) drivers to have instructions and priorities updated on real time basis. 8. (Отримавши) up-to-day information concerning the congestion in the streets, the dispatcher redirected the trucks. 9. Be careful (перевозячи та одержуючи) the goods. 10. The center of GPS system is the central database or information warehouse (що одержує) all information about transport
Exercise 14.Translate the following sentences paying attention to the use of emphatic construction It is …that
1.it is the principles of organization and relationship management that are essential for realizing integrated operation. 2. It is collaboration that facilitates cooperation among customers, material and service suppliers and the enterprise. 3. It is intense competition for the customers that makes the firms organise their operations in different ways. 4. It was in the 1950s that functions of logistics were viewed as facilitating or support work. 5. It is the idea of functional integration that was not always supported by all unit managers. 6. It is the single-function departments that were assimilated into a process. 7. It is unique capabilities that help a firm to achieve its goal. 8. It is new ideas that were met with resistance. 9. It is logistics that is included as supportive work of any business activity. 10. It is the enterprise management that orchestrates the performance of all departments.
Exercise 15. Point out the sentences in which that and those are used to substitute nouns. Translate the sentences:
1. Current prices for goods are higher than those we had last year. 2. Defi-ciency of a stage 1 organisation is as notable as that in a stage 3 organisation. 3. At present the deployment is much more effective than that we had at the previous stage. 4. This modified pattern is more practical than that we applied in the past. 5. Empowerment can be effective in an organisation that demonstrates commitment to its employees. 6 These suggestions are more reasonable than those made at the previous meeting. 7. It is clear that trust has more than one dimension. 8. Make sure this executive is more competent than that you dealt with before. 9. These managers display more competence in their work than those appointed a year ago. 10. This assignment is much more difficult to complete than that we had before.
Exercise 16. Translate the sentences with “to use”
1. One of the earliest ideas to propel a vehicle using mechanical power was suggested by Isaac Newton. 2. Having used a steam-driven engine a French engineer built a three-wheeled vehicle for two passengers. 3. At the end of the 19th century the use of cars was still very limited. 4. Constant efforts are made to use standard components for the cars. 5. Theuse of multi-cylinder engines greatly increased the speed of cars. 6. Otto having used the gasoline engine, motor cars got the standard shape and appearance. 7. A driver may avoid collisions on the road by using a radar system. 8. Cryogenic fuels such as liquid hydrogen are used to cool the aircraft surface. 9. It is impossible to solve economic problems without using the achievements of the scientific and technological progress.10. Television has a great number of uses nowadays. 11. The car uses a new sensor mechanism.
Additional text
Freight transport
Freight transport, or shipping, is a key in the value chain in manufacturing. With increased specialization and globalization, production is being located further away from consumption, rapidly increasing the demand for transport. While all modes of transport are used for cargo transport, there is high differentiation between the nature of the cargo transport, in which mode is chosen. Logistics refers to the entire process of transferring products from producer to consumer, including storage, transport, transshipment, warehousing, material-handling and packaging, with associated exchange of information. Incoterm deals with the handling of payment and responsibility of risk during transport.
Containerization, with the standardization of ISO containers on all vehicles and at all ports, has revolutionized international and domestic trade, offering huge reduction in transshipment costs. Traditionally, all cargo had to be manually loaded and unloaded into the haul of any ship or car; containerization allows for automated handling and transfer between modes, and the standardized sizes allow for gains in economy of scale in vehicle operation. This has been one of the key driving factors in international trade and globalization since the 1950s.