Situation how you would instruct your client suffering from insomnia
Do you have trouble falling asleep at night? Do you wake up in the middle of the night and can’t get back to sleep? It’s actually possible to breathe yourself to sleep—in just 5 minutes or less.
The technique is drawn from pranayama, an ancient Indian practice that basically means “regulation of breath.”
So, sit comfortably, close our eyes, and do the following exercise:
§ Inhale through the nose for a count of 6
§ Hold for a count of 3
§ Exhale through the nose for a count of 6
§ Hold for a count of 3
§ Repeat this series 4 more times
Завдання для самостійної роботи студента
1) Перекладіть словосполучення на англійську мову і складіть з ними речення
Дихальна система
Дихальні шляхи
Дихальні м’язи
Вкритий плеврою
Доля легені
Життєвий об’єм легень
Газообмін у легенях
Вдих і видих
Кисень і вуглекислий газ
2) Дайте розгорнуту відповідь на питання
5) What are the major parts of the respiratory system?
6) Where are the lungs located?
7) How many lobes do the lungs consist of?
3) Поясніть термін
Легені
Дихання
11. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Exercise 1. Topic Vocabulary
| absorption | [əbˈzɔːpʃ(ə)n] | всмоктування |
| accessory | [æk’sesərɪ] | додатковий, допоміжний |
| to aid | ['eid] | допомагати |
| alimentary | [ˌælɪˈmentərɪ] | травний |
| anus | [ˈeɪnəs] | анус |
| bile | ['bail] | жовч |
| breakdown | [ˈbreɪkdaʊn] | розпад |
| to convert | [kən’vɜ:rt] | перетворювати |
| digestion | [di'ʤesʧǝn] | травлення |
| digestive | [dɪ’dʒestɪv] | травний |
| enzyme | [ˈenzaɪm] | ензим, фермент |
| hydrochloric acid | [ˌhaɪdrəˈklɒrɪk’æsɪd] | соляна кислота |
| large intestine | ['la:ʤ in'testin] | товстий кишечник |
| nutrient | [ˈnjuːtrɪənt] | поживна речовина |
| pharynx | [ˈfærɪŋks] | глотка |
| salivary gland | [ˈsælɪvəri 'glænd] | слина залоза |
| small intestine | ['smɔ:l in'testin] | тонкий кишечник |
Exercise 2. Pronounce correctly
Gastrointestinal [ˌɡæstrəʊɪnˈtestɪnəl], gastroenterology [͵gæstrəʋ͵entəʹrɒlədʒı], esophagus [iːˈsɒfəɡəs], tongue [tʌŋ], through [θruː], weight [weɪt], functioning [ˈfʌŋkʃ(ə)nɪŋ], digestion [dɪ’dʒestʃən]
Exercise 3. Translate into Ukrainian
to convert food into energy, basic nutrients, the oral cavity, accessory organs of the digestive system, a muscular tube, located on the left side of the abdominal cavity, an average person, to contain hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes, the largest gland in the human body, the weight of the liver, to produce bile, the lower surface of the liver, a long thin gland, to turn food into the energy, breakdown of the food, extraction of nutrient from the food, removal of waste products
Grammar. Who/What/That
| A psychologist is a highly qualified professional who studies behavior and mental processes. Психолог – це висококваліфікований спеціаліст, який вивчає поведінку і психічні процеси. |
| Mechanical digestion is the process which refers to the physical breakdown of food. Механічне травлення – це процес, який відноситься до фізичного розщеплення їжі. |
* Who and sometimes that refer to people. That and which refer to groups or things.
Exercise 4. Translate into Ukrainian. Pay attention to the use of who/which/that
1) Psychology is a discipline that involves the scientific study of mental functions and behavior.
2) I have a friend who can help you cope with depression.
3) Saliva contains the enzyme which starts digestion.
4) Nutrients are the components in foods that an organism utilizes to survive and grow.
5) He is the man who will be teaching the first-year students.
6) That is a book which I need for the class.
Exercise 5. Read the text. Be ready to describe the digestive system by the picture
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
The digestive system is a group of organs working together to convert food into energy and basic nutrients.
Food passes through a long tube inside the body known as the alimentary canal or the gastrointestinal tract. The alimentary canal is made up of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
Accessory organs of the digestive system include the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
The mouth is the first part of the alimentary canal. It includes salivary glands, teeth, and the tongue.
The pharynx (throat) is a part both of the digestive system and the respiratory system.
The esophagus (oesophagus) is the organ which consists of a muscular tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach.
The stomach is a muscular sac located on the left side of the abdominal cavity under the diaphragm. In an average person, the stomach is about the size of their two fists, so, it has a capacity of from 2.14 to 4.28 l (liters). The stomach contains hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes that continue the digestion of food that began in the mouth.
The small intestine is a long, thin tube about 6.5 meters long. The large intestine is a long, thick tube about 1.5 meters long.
The liver is the largest gland in the human body. It is located in the right upper part of the abdominal cavity under the diaphragm. The weight of the liver is 1,500 g. The liver produces bile which aids digestion.
The gall bladder is a hollow sac lying on the lower surface of the liver.
The pancreas is a major organ functioning as an accessory digestive gland in the digestive system. It is a long thin gland lying behind the stomach.
The digestive system is constructed to perform its specialized function of turning food into the energy we need to survive.
The functions of the digestive system are:
· Ingestion – eating food
· Digestion – breakdown of the food
· Absorption – extraction of nutrient from the food
· Defecation – removal of waste products
During digestion two main processes occur at the same time:
- mechanical digestion which refers to the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces.
- chemical digestion when enzymes break down food into the small molecules which the body can use.
Gastroenterology is the branch of medicine focused on studying and treating digestive system disorders.