Present Perfect Simple Tense
Обозначает:
1. Действия, начавшееся в предшествующий период, но еще не закончившееся;
2. Совершившее действие, которое своим результатом связано с настоящим моментом;
3. Действия, совершившееся за еще не истекший период времени.
Never, ever, already (в утвердительной форме), yet (в вопросительной и отрицательной форме), not yet, just, recently (недавно), this (week, month, year), today, tonight, since (с a day, date, time, an occasion), for (a period of time)
Не употребляется с точным временем в прошлом: when, yesterday, last…, …ago, just now, the other day, at… o’clock.
Образуется:
+
Have (has) Past Participle (done)
Утвердительная форма
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| I You He She It We You They | have have has has has have have have | seen been already read known rained just done already had gone | him this morning. to the South. this book. us for 2 years. since 9 o’clock. this work. dinner with Peter. to Paris. |
Общи вопрос
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| Have Have Has Has Has Have Have Have | I you he she it we you they | seen been read known rained just done had gone | him this morning? to the South? this book yet? us for 2 years? since 9 o’clock? this work? dinner with Peter yet? to Paris? |
Краткий утвердительный ответ
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| Yes, | I we you they he she it | have. has. |
Краткий отрицательный ответ
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| No, | I we you they he she it | have has | (haven’t) not. (hasn’t) |
Специальные вопросы
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| Whom Where What book How long When Who Who Where | have have has has did has have have | I you he she it you they | seen been? read known rain? just done had gone? | this morning? yet? us? this work? dinner with yet? |
Сравните:
1. Агата Кристи написала много детективов.
Agatha Christie wrote many detective stories.
2. Дарья Донцова написала много детективов.
Darya Dontsova has written many detective stories.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Употребляется, чтобы подчеркнуть длительный характер действия, которое началось в прошлом и продолжается в настоящем.
I have been waiting for almost twenty minutes, but he is still busy.
В этом значении глагол в Present Perfect Continuous может быть взаимозаменяем в Present Perfect, хотя Present Perfect Continuous выражает длительность более эмоционально.
Чтобы подчеркнуть, что хотя длительное действие только что закончилось, завершилось, его результат налицо.
I’ve been running all the way.
Образуется:
+ +
Have been doing
Has
На русский язык переводиться глаголам настоящего и прошедшего времени.
Не употребляется с глаголами, выражающими состояние, восприятие, и в ситуациях, где нереально использовать продолженное время.
I have cut my finger.
В этих случаях как правило, используют Present Perfect.
Упражнение 49
Поставьте глаголы в форме Present Perfect.
1. The students … (write) a report. 2. She … (water) the flowers. 3. He … (take) the dog for a walk. 4. She … (clean) the room. 5. He … (feed) a cat. 6. He … (cut) his finger. 7. She … (buy) a new bag. 8. They … (help) him. 9. I … (see) him. 10. We … (paint) the walls. 11. They … (do) shopping. 12. He … (not repair) his bicycle yet. 13. She … (not send) the letter yet. 14. She … (cook) dinner? 15. You … (be) to Italy?
Упражнение 50
Поставьте глаголы в форму Present Perfect Continuous.
1. I … (work) for this company for 5 years. 2. They … (play) football for an hour. 3. It … (rain) since morning. 4. What language … you (study)? 5. I … (look for) my keys. 6. She … (tell) them an interesting story. 7. They … (do) their homework. 8. I … (read) this book. 9. She … (cut) the flowers. 10. He … (study) for two hours.
Упражнение 51
Поставьте глаголы в форму Present Perfect или Present Perfect Continuous.
1. I … (learn) the poem for two hours. 2. I … already (learn) the poem. 3. They …(paint) the walls for two weeks. 4. They … already (paint) the walls. 5. She … (type) the letter yet. 6. She … (type) the letter since 10 o’clock. 7. She …(cook) breakfast? 8. She … (cook) breakfast for half an hour. 9. She … (speak) on the phone since morning. 10. She … already (speak) to him. 11. You … (write) the article? 12. I … (write) the article since 12.00. 13. They … (not eat) yet. 14. How long … they (eat)?
Будущее совершенное время
Future Perfect Tense
Выражает действие, которое будет завершено к определенному моменту в будущем. Момент в будущем, до которого закончится действие, может быть выражен:
1. обстоятельством времени с предлогом by (by six o'clock, by the end of the year).
By the end of the week we’ll have finished this work.
2. другим будущим действием, выраженным Present Indefinite в придаточном предложении времени и условия с такими союзами, как before, when.
When we meet next time, I’ll have read this book.
By the end of this week my friend will already have written his report on English.
Образуется:
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Will have done