Fluency Listen, read and practise. June: Are you doing the football pools, Brian?

June: Are you doing the football pools, Brian?

Brian:Yes, I've nearly finished, June. I'm sure we shall win

something this week. June: You always say that, but we never win anything! What

will you do if you win a lot of money? Brian:If I win a lot of money I shall buy you a mink coat. June: I don't want a mink coat! I want to see the world. Brian: All right. If we win a lot of money we shall travel round

the world and we shall stay at the best hotels. Then we

shall return home and buy a big house in the country.

We shall have a beautiful garden and... June: But if we spend all that money we shall be poor again.

What shall we do then? Brian: If we spend all the money we shall try and win the

football pools again. June: It's a pleasant dream but everything depends on "if!

A. Questions

1. What is Brian doing? 2. Has Brian ever won anything on the football pools? 3. What will Brian buy his wife if he wins a lot of money? 4. She doesn't want a mink coat, does she? 5. What does June want instead of a mink coat? 6. What will Brian do if he spends all the money? 7. It's only a dream, isn't it? 8. What does it all depend on?

B. What will you do if you win a lot of money?

jim and his friend Anthony are going to fly to Istanbul. Jim's mother is very worried.

Mum: Oh, dear! I hope everything will be all right. You've

never been abroad before. Jim: Don't worry, Mum. I'll be OK. I can look after myself.

Anyway, I'll be with Anthony. We won't do anything

stupid.

Mum: But what will you do if you ran out of money? Jim: We'll get a job of course! Mum: Oh. What about if you get lost? Jim: Mum! If we get lost, we'll ask someone the way, but we won't get lost because we know where we're going! Mum: But how will I know that you're all right? Jim: When we get to a big city, I'll send you a postcard. Mum:Oh. But Jim, it's such a long flight to Istanbul! Jim: Mum! As soon as we arrive in Turkey, I'll give you a ring. Mum:I'll be worried until I hear from you. Jim: I'll be OK, Mum. Honest!

A. Questions

1. Where are Jim and his friend flying? 2. Have they ever been abroad before? 3. Is Jim's mother worried? 4. What will the boys do if they run out of money? 5. What will they do if they get

lost? 6. What will Jim do as soon as he arrives in Turkey?

-*,

B. Roleplay the conversation and make up a similar conversation.

C. Complete the following conversation. Putif, when,or as soon

as into each gap. Put the verbs into the correct tenses.

Joe is saying goodbye to his wife Sue, who is going for a job interview.

Joe: Goodbye, darling! Good luck with the interview! Sue: Thanks. I'll need it. I hope the trains are running on

time._______the trains (be) delayed, I (get) a taxi.

______I (be) late for the interview, I (be) furious with

myself!

Joe: Just keep calm! Phone me when you can.

⁷3ак ню 193

Sue: I will.______I (come) out of the interview, I (give)

you a ring.

Joe: When you (know)______you've got the job?

Sue: They (send) me a letter in the next few days._____

they (offer) me the job, I (accept) it, and ^~f

accept it, we (have to) move house. You know that, don't

you?

Joe: Sure. But we'll worry about that later. Sue: OK. What are you doing today? Joe: I can't remember._______I (get) to the office, I (look)

in my diary. I don't think I'm doing much today. Sue: Don't forget to pick up the children________you (get)

back from work. Joe: I won't. You'd better go now.______you (not hurry),

you (miss) the train. Sue: OK. I (see) you this evening. Bye. Joe: Bye, my love. Take care, and good luck!

In pairs, ask and answer questions about Joe and Sue's conversation.

eg What/Sue/do/if/trains/ delayed?

— What will Sue do if the trains are delayed?

— She'll get a taxi.

a. How/she/feel/if/late for the interview?

b. When/Sue/phone/Joe?

c. When/know/if/she's got the job? 0

d. What/she/do/if/they/offer her the job?

e. What/they/have to do/if/she/accept/job?

f. What/Joe/do/when/get/office?

g. What/happen/if/Sue/not hurry?

Good evening. This is London Radio. Welcome to "Man in the Street."

Our programme tonight is about North Sea oil. Oil was first discovered beneath the North Sea in the late 1960s. Since then more and more oil has been found off the coasts of Britain and is being brought ashore. We aren't going to become very rich, but

we must decide how to spend the oil revenues. Our interviewer went into the streets to ask people their opinion. He asked: "If you were the Prime Minister what would you do with the money?" "Well of course. I'm not the Prime Minister, but if I were I'd spend the money on more hospitals and schools. We need more doctors, nurses and teachers. Classes are too big. If classes were smaller, children would learn more. And there aren't enough nurses either, because salaries are too low. If the salaries were higher more people would become nurses. Money which is spent on education and health is an investment for the future."

" I think the answer is quite simple. Taxes are too high in this country, aren't they? I would reduce them. If we reduced taxis, people would have more money. If they had more money, they'd spend more. Industry would have to produce more, so it would need more workers. There would be more jobs, and we would all be richer."

"I'm very worried about inflation. I'd try to control prices. If I were the Prime Minister I'd reduce the price of gas, coal and electricity. If we did that, everybody would benefit, wouldn't they? Food is much too expensive. I'd encourage the farmers to produce more food, more cheaply. However there are some things that I certainly wouldn't do: I certainly wouldn't build more roads, and I wouldn't spend money on guns and tanks and warplanes."

"There's too much crime and violence nowadays. There aren't enough policemen on the streets. I'd increase the size of the police force, and I'd increase their salaries. If we had more policemen, we'd all feel safer. I'd also increase old age pensions. I've worked hard all my life and I should have a reasonable standard of living." A. Questions

1. What radio programme is this? 2. What is tonight's programme about? 3.When was oil discovered beneath the North Sea? 4. What question did the interviewer ask the people in the streets? 5. What did the first/second/third/fourth speaker say? "• Now advise these people using the second conditional. eg — I've got a headache.

— If I were you, I'd take an aspirin, see a doctor, have a rest, go for a walk, etc.

1 . 1 can't sleep at night. 2. I've been bitten by a snake. 3. I've lost my passport. 4. 1 want to win an Olympic medal. 5. I've cut myself. 6. I've just seen an accident. 7. 1 need some money and the banks are shut. 8. I want to stop smoking. 9. I want to be a millionaire. 10. I've been robbed. 11. 1 want to buy a pet. 12. I want to buy a car.

Mikis: I think the theatres here are excellent. If I lived in London, I'd probably go to the theatre every week.

AH: Yes, I agree. I've already seen four or five plays. On Saturday I'm going to see "When We Are Married" at the National Theatre.

Mikis: Oh, are you? Have you booked a seat?

AH: No, not yet.

Mikis: Well, if I were you, I'd book immediately. It's a very popular play. What a pity I won't be here! I've already arranged to* go to Bristol. If I were staying in London, I'd go with you.

A. Questions

1 . What does Mikis think of the London theatres? 2. How often would he go to the theatre if he lived in London? 3. How many plays has AH seen? 4. What play is he going to see on Saturday? 5. Has he booked a seat? 6. What does Mikis advise him to do? What are his exact words? 7. Why can't Mikis go to the theatre together with AH?

B. What would you do if you were free tomorrow?

Barbara: If I had three weeks' holiday in August, I'd fly to Los Angeles. I've never been to America.

Steve: Why Los Angeles, and why August? You'd see more if you flew to New York and went on the bus. And you'd save money if you travelled in the low season, say, May or September. October is even cheaper. If you went then, you would save even more. The return

fare to New York on British Airways or Pan Am is less than £200 in October. Barbara: Oh, really? Perhaps I can go then instead!

A. Questions

1 . Where would Barbara like to go if she had a holiday in August? 2. What does Steve advise her to do? What are his exact words? 3.What is the return fare to New York in October?

B. What would you do in the following situations?

Suppose someone steals your wallet. If someone stole my wallet, I'd report it to the police. Suppose

1 . someone steals your travellers cheques, (bank/police )

2. you lose your passport, (consulate/police)

3. you find a wallet full of money on a bus. (bus company/ bus conductor)

4. you lose your air ticket, (air company)

5. someone steals your luggage at the airport, (airport police)

6. you leave your handbag/briefcase in a taxi, (taxi company)

C. If, beginning tomorrow, you had a two-week holiday and unlimited funds, what would you do? Why?

Radio Reporter: Good morning! I'm Jane Taylor with WELT radio. I'm interviewing people on the street this mor­ning, asking the question: "What would you do if you won ten million dollars in the lottery?" Let's start with this person here. Excuse me, what's your name?

Linda: Linda.

Reporter: Linda, what would you do if you won ten million dollars?

Linda: Ten million dollars? Well, first I'd pay for my bro­ther's college education, and then I'd buy a nice house for my parents, and I'd probably give the rest to charity.

Reporter: OK. Thank you. And you, sir, what's your name⁹

Robert: My name's Robert.

Reporter: Well, Robert, what would you do if you won ten million dollars?

Robert: Hmmm..., I think I'd use the money to start my own business. I've always wanted to do that.

Reporter: Oh? What kind of business?

Robert: I'd start my own recording company.

Reporter: That sounds interesting, thanks! And you, sir, could I have your name please?

Scott: Scott.

Reporter: Scott, what would you do if you won ten million dol­lars?

Scott: Well, first I'd pay off all my credit cards. Then I'd buy a very cool wardrobe, and then... I'd buy ajet... and learn to fly it.

A. Questions

1. What question does the radio reporter ask? 2. What would Linda do if she won ten million dollars? 3. What would Robert do with the money? 4. And what about Scott?

B. What would you do if you won a lot of money? Why?

Brian: You know I really should give up smoking. I'm up to

two packs a day. Peter: Yeah. If I gave up smoking, I could save about $100 a

month. Brian: The trouble is, though, if I stop smoking, I'll probably

gain weight. Peter: Uh-huh. And if I stop, I might start chewing my nails

again. Brian: Mmm. Well, I guess I'd only stop smoking if they

passed a law banning cigarettes. Peter: Me too. Got a match?

A. Complete the clauses in column A with information in column B. Then compare with a partner and practise them.

a)If they banned smoking ... the streets will be a lot on all planes, cleaner.

b) If people used their cars ... some people would travel only on weekends, by train.

c) If they build a good ... they would probably be a subway system, lot healthier.

d) If people ate less meat, ... there would be less pollu-

tion in cities.

e) If the city passes a law ... more people might get rid against keeping dogs as pets, of their cars.

Pair work. Now take turns and complete the clauses in column A with your own information.

Jane: I just got a postcard from a friend who lost all her money

on vacation in Europe. Isn't that terrible? Burt: Yeah, that's horrible! Kate: Jane, what would you do if you were on vacation

overseas and lost all your money and credit cards? Jane: Well, I'd probably phone my parents and ask them

to send some money right away. How about you, Burt? Burt: Yeah, I'd probably do the same thing... although maybe

I'd try going to the American Express Office to see if I

could get a loan or something. What about you, Kate? Kate: Well, I guess I'd probably sell my watch and camera...

or I might get a job as a waitress somewhere till I made

enough money to buy a plane ticket.

A. Group work.

What would you do in the situations below?

A: What would you do if...?

B: I think I'd...

C: I'm not sure, but I might...

— you found a valuable piece of jewelry on a park bench

— you won a lot of money in a lottery

— a friend borrowed money from you and didn't re-turn it

— you were on vacation overseas and lost all your mo-

ney and credit cards

— you saw two people fighting on the street

— you discovered your friend had a drinking problem

— someone stole your clothes on the beach while you were swimming

Lynn: What are you going to do during class break?

Tony: I hope to go camping with Pierre. We want to go to the

Grand Canyon. How about you? Lynn: I plan to buy a car and drive to Los Angeles. Tony: What's in Los Angeles? Lynn: I have a friend there. Tony: L. A. is a long way. If I were you, I'd fly. You can fly

safely and cheaply these days. And you can always rent

a car in L. A. Lynn: No. I want to drive. Say, would you come with me ifl

paid for the gas and everything? You could go camping

some other time.

Tony: No. I really want to see the Grand Canyon, and I've already bought a new backpack. Besides, what would I tell Pierre if I went with you? Lynn: What do you mean?

Tony: Well, going camping was his idea, and he lent me the money for the backpack.

A. Match the two parts of each sentence.

1. Tony hopes to a. buy a car.

2. Tony wants to b. visit a friend in Los

Angeles.

3. Lynn plans to c. go camping with Pierre.

4. Lynn doesn't want to d. fly to Los Angeles.

5. She wants to e. see the Grand Canyon.

6. She plans to f. drive.

B. Tony is reading a letter from his sister.

Dear Tony,

Mom told me you are planning to go to the Grand Canyon with

your friend Pierre. The Grand Canyon is an incredible place. It's

really beautiful. I went there when I was in the U.S. However, if I were you, I'd go in the summer. I wouldn't go in the winter. The Grand Canyon is very cold in the winter, and I don't think you'd enjoy yourself if you went then Also, if it snowed, you wouldn't be able to walk around and see things very well.

Ifl were you, I'd go someplace warm. In fact, I'd think about going to California. Maybe one of the other students would drive if you offered to pay for the gas. Maybe Pierre would go too if you asked him. I mean, if you told him you'd go to the Grand Canyon next summer, he'd probably go to California with you during your class break. Wouldn't you like all of that sunny weather and the beaches? I know I would!

Let me know what you decide.

Love, Paula

C. Questions

1. Would Paula go to the Grand Canyon if she were Tony? 2. Would Tony enjoy himself if he went to the Grand Canyon in winter? 3. Would he be able to walk around easily and see things well if it snowed?

D. Ask for and give advice. Complete the conversations with shouldand would ('d) or would not (wouldn't).

eg A: Should I fly or drive?

B: Well, if I were you, I'd fly. I wouldn't drive. Besides, you can fly quickly and cheaply.

1. A:______I buy a new car or fix my old one?

В:____.___. Besides, your old one is in pretty good condi­tion.

2. A:______I study or go to the movies?

B:_____._____. Besides, you want to pass the test,

don't you?

3. A:______I rent or buy?

B:______._______. Besides, you don't have a lot of

money right now.

4. A:_____I take bookkeeping or learn how to use a

computer? _f B:_____._____. Besides, there are a lot of jobs for

people with computer experience.

5. A:____I make a cake or buy a pie?

B:____.____. Besides, it's easier to buy a pie than to ma­ke a cake.

Arthur's secretary has told him she would like to see him about something personal. She has just come into his office.

Arthur: Sit down, Miss Bradley. It's something personal, you say? Miss Bradley: Yes. You see, I'm going to get married next

month and...

Arthur: Get married? I didn't know that. Congratulations!

Miss Bradley: Thank you, but I'm afraid it means I've got to give in my notice. I'd like to leave at the end of the month. Arthur: Really? I'm very sorry to hear that. Do you

intend to stop working altogether, then? Miss Bradley: Oh, no! My fiance and I want to save up

enough for a house and we wouldn't be able to do that if I stopped working right away. And it isn't that I don't like my job here, either. I'd stay if Terry, that's my fiance, weren't a Cana­dian. Arthur: A Canadian? I'm sorry, I don't understand.

What's that got to do with it? Miss Bradley: Well, we're both going to live in Canada as

soon as we get married. Arthur: Oh, I see. What does your fiance do for a

living, by the way?

Miss Bradley: He's an engineer. He often says he'd earn far more if he were back in Canada. That's why he wants to go back.

Arthur: But engineers are quite well paid here in England.

How much does he earn here, then, if I may ask? Miss Bradley: £120 a week. Arthur: Is that all? That's very poor for a qualified

engineer. You ought to tell him he'd get far more if he came and worked for us.

Miss Bradley: Well .er... you see...

Arthur: I mean. I'm sure that if I were a young engineer

and if my salary were low, I'd want to go to Canada, too. Where does he work, by the way?

Miss Bradley: Er... as a matter of fact, he works here in your factory, Mr Tigers. He's in your motor-design department.

д. Questions

1. Why did Miss Bradley decide to give in her notice? 2. Is she going to stop working altogether? 3. Where does her fiance come from? 4. How much does he earn? 5. Why does he want to go back to Canada? 6. What does Arthur say Miss Bradley ought to tell her fiance? 7. Where does he work?

B. Complete the sentences from the conversation.

1. We wouldn't be able to do that if I... 2. He often says... 3. You ought to tell him... 4. I'm sure that if I were a young man and my salary...

C. Without looking at the text, see if you can remember how these phrases were used. Then try to make other sentences of your own with the same words.

a) I'm afraid it means d) for a living

b) my notice e) by the way

c) It isn't that I... f) as a matter of fact

D. Give advice to the following people. Use: "IfI were you, I'd..."

eg A student who doesn't work very hard. Advice: If I were you, I'd work a bit harder.

1. A woman who always goes to bed very late. 2. A friend who smokes more than 50 cigarettes a day. 3. A man who is very thin and unhealthy. 4. A friend with a bicycle that often goes ^Wrong. 5. A man who is very unhappy in his job. 6. Someone with very bad toothache. 7. A friend who has just bought a new ^Car and the car has just broken down. 8. A man who wants a job to Sweden, but can't speak Swedish.

E. Situation:

A friend of yours has written to you recently to ask your advice about a problem. The problem is that the friend wants to brush up his (or her) English, but doesn't know whether to go to a school in England for an intensive course or to go to evening classes in his (or her) home town. Write a letter advising the friend what you would do.

David Renton was forty-nine years old. He had worked at the bank for thirty years, and as he stood behind the counter, serving a queue of impatient customers, he thought to himself, "Surely there must be a better way of spending one's time than this."

Outside it was a beautiful spring day. The sky was blue, the birds were singing, the trees were in bud.

That evening David surprised his wife by bringing her a big bunch of daffodils.

"My goodness," she said, "what are these for?"

"How would you like to live in the country?" he asked.

"In the country?"

"How would you feel if I gave up my job?"

"But your pension... you'd lose your pension."

"No, there's an early retirement scheme — I could draw a reduced pension," he said.

"But we couldn't live on that. You'd have to get another job. What could you do?"

"A smallholding," he said, "I'd get a smallholding and grow vegetables."

A. Questions

1. What was David doing, when the idea came into his head? 2. What state were the trees in? 3. How did David surprise his wife? 4. Why do you think he did this? 5. What was his wife's immediate reaction to his suggestion that he should give up his job? 6. How did he reply to this objection? 7. What does David intend to do?

B. David Renton put this question to his wife:

How would you feel, if I gave up my job at the bank?

He could have asked her similar questions. What were they? The notes will help you.

1 .How/you/feel/leave/bank

2. What/you/say/change/job

3. How/you/feel/buy/smallholding

4. How/the children/feel/we/go/to live/country

Similarly his wife might have said to him:

1. How/we/live/give up/your job

2. How/you/find/job/we/leave/city

3. Where/we/live/sell/house

4. What/children/do/we/go/away

C. David and his wife were discussing his plan to buy a small­holding. What were the questions she asked? His replies will help you.

l.What...?

I'd concentrate on lettuces, cauliflowers and beans. 2. What animals ... keep?

Pigs, probably. 3.... fruit?

Yes, soft fruits like strawberries, raspberries and gooseberries. 4. How ... produce to market?

I'd get myself a small van. 5.... the bank lend...?

Yes, I'm sure I could borrow a little money from the bank,

if I wanted to. 6.... have to work...?

Yes, I would at first, but later 1 could get some help. 7. Where ... buy the smallholding?

Near some nice little village, in the country.

Why Don't У-ои Statt Smoking?

Harry: You know, Nora, that's the second time breakfast has been late this week. If I don't get my breakfast on time I arrive at work late.

Nora: You're awfully bad-tempered these days, Harry. It must be because you've given up smoking.

Harry: Nonsense. Anyhow, who says I'm bad-tempered? Nora: You're never really happy unless you have a cigarette

or a pipe in your mouth. Why don't you start smoking?

I would if I were you. Harry: Certainly not. If I say I'm going to give something

up, I give it up. Nora: Oh, Harry, if only you would smoke again, I'm sure

we should have fewer black looks about the house. Harry: No, Nora. If I start smoking, I shall start that silly

irritating cough again. Good heavens, if that fellow

Smith can give it up, I hope I can. Nora: I see. You just want to show how strong-minded

you are. Well, I guarantee that if you had a packet

of cigarettes in your pocket now you would very

soon find yourself lighting one. Harry: Not at all. Even if I had a hundred cigarettes in every

pocket I still shouldn't give way to temptation. Now,

Nora, if I don't go I shall miss my bus. Nora: Shall I see you at six? Harry: Yes, if I'm not kept at work. Nora: If you pass a stationer's, buy me some envelopes,

will you? Harry: Right. Goodbye, Nora.

(Sound of a match being struck) Nora: Er — Harry, what's that in your mouth? Harry: Good heavens, it's a cigarette. I must have lit it

without thinking. Why, Nora, you put that ciga­rette on the table in front of me. Nora (laughing): Yes, Harry, I can't have you being too

strong-minded.

Note: We do not normally use wouldn’t the /part of the sentence:

eg — Ann wouldn't give me any money if I asked her.

— If I found $100 in the street I would keep it.

Sometimes it is possible to say if... would, especially when you ask someone to do something in a formal way:

— I would be very grateful if you would send me your bro­chure and price list as soon as possible, (from a formal letter)

— "Shall I close the door?" "Yes, please, if you would."

— Oh, Harry, if only you would smoke again, I'm sure we should have fewer black looks about the house.

Д. Questions

1. Why is Harry so bad-tempered these days? 2. Harry is determined to give up smoking, isn't he? 3. Why doesn't Nora approve of Harry's giving up smoking? 4. How does she tempt him to start smoking again?

B. Put the verbs into the correct forms.

1. Now, Nora, if I (not go) I (miss) my bus. 2. Why don't you start smoking? I... if I (be) you. 3. Well, I guarantee that if you (have) a packet of cigarettes in your pocket now you very soon (find) yourself lighting one. 4. If I (not get) my breakfast on time I (arrive) at work late. 5. If you (pass) a stationer's, buy me some envelopes. 6. If I (say) I'm going to give something up, I (give up) it. 7. Even if I (have) a hundred cigarettes in every pocket I still (not give) way to temptation. 8. Shall I see you at six? — Yes, if I (not keep) at work.

9. You (be) never really happy unless you (have) a cigarette or a pipe in your mouth. 10. Oh, Harry, if only you (smoke) again, I'm sure we (have) fewer black looks about the house. 11. If I (start) smoking, I (start) that silly irritating cough again.

C. Give the appropriate English phrases for the following.

1. Если я начну курить, у меня опять начнется этот ужасный кашель. 2. Ты просто хочешь показать свою решительность. 3. Почему ты не начнешь опять курить? На твоем месте я бы сделала это. 4. У тебя скверное настроение в эти дни. 5. Второй раз на этой неделе завтрак запоздал. 6. Я, должно быть, зажег ее, не подумав. 7. Если будешь проходить мимо магазина кан­целярских принадлежностей, пожалуйста, купи мне несколько конвертов. 8. Увидимся в шесть? — Да, если меня не задержат на работе. 9. Если я сейчас не уйду, я опоздаю на автобус.

10. Наверно, это потому что ты бросил курить. 11. Чепуха! 12. Конечно нет 13. Даже если бы у меня была сотня сигарет в каждом кармане, я бы устоял против искушения. 14. Боже мой! О. Give a brief account of the conversation.

E. Roleplay the conversation.

Jenny: Nick, catch the ball! Oh no, look what you've done.

You've broken the lamp. Nick: If you hadn't thrown the ball so high, I wouldn't

have knocked it off the table. It wasn't really my

fault. Jenny: Well, whose fault was it? If you had looked, you

would have seen. Nick: It's too late now. We may be able to stick it together.

Then Mum might not notice. Jenny: It's too risky. She might want to use it. Why don't

we just tell her what happened? Nick: And get my pocket money stopped again? Not likely!

Where's the glue?

A. Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.

Ben: Will you lend me your bike? I have to get to basket­ball training in five minutes.

Nick: The last time I lent it to you, you got a flat tyre and didn't repair it.

Ben: Well, I (not get) a flat tyre if you (put) enough air in it.

Nick: That's not true. You rode straight over some broken glass.

Ben: Well, I (not ride) over the glass if someone (not leave) it all over the road. Besides, I (go) round the glass, if a car (not come) from the other direction.

Nick: Well, you could have stopped.

Ben: I (stop) if the brakes (not fail).

Nick: Well, you should have checked the brakes before you started. I (not lend) you my bike if I (know) that the brakes weren't working.

Bob: What was wrong with you this morning? Debbie: Wrong with me? Sorry, Bob, I don't know what you

mean. Bob: You walked straight past me. You didn't say a word¹

Debbie: Really? Where?

Bob: It was just outside the newsagent's in the High Street.

Debbie: I'm terribly sorry, Bob. I just didn't see you.

Bob: Come on, Debbie. You must have done! I was waving!

Debbie: No, honestly. I didn't see you. If I had seen you, I

would have said "Hello".

Exercise 1

She didn't see him. She didn't say "Hello". If she had seen him, she would have 'said "Hello". Do the same.

1. She didn't notice him. She didn't stop. 2. She didn't recognize him. She didn't speak to him. 3. She didn't see him waving. She didn't wave back.

Mrs Lewis: Debbie, have you sent that telex to Geneva?

Debbie: No, I haven't.

Mrs Lewis: Why haven't you done it? It's urgent.

Debbie: Because you didn't ask me to do it.

Mrs Lewis: Didn't I?

Debbie: No, you didn't. If you'd asked me, I'd've sent it!

Exercise 2

Have you sent the telex? If you'd asked me, I would have sent it. Do the same.

1. Have you posted the letters? 2. Have you photo-copied the report? 3. Have you typed the contract?

Gordon: Did you see a letter from Brazil on this desk?

Debbie: Yes, it's here.

Gordon: Oh, good. Where's the envelope?

Debbie: I threw it away. Why?

Gordon: It had some nice stamps on it. I wanted them for my

son. He collects stamps, bebbie: Oh, Gordon! If only I'd known! Gordon: It doesn't matter. Debbie: No, I'd have kept it if I'd known.

Exercise 3

I didn't keep it.

I'd have kept it if I'd known.

Do the same.

I.I didn't do it. 2.1 didn't give it to you. 3.1 didn't put it in the drawer.

Debbie: What's the matter, Jefi? You don't look very well. Jeff: No. I've had a terrible cold. I've been in bed all week­end, but it's better today. Debbie: Mm... I had a bad cold last week. Jeff: I know, and you gave itto everyone in the office. I wouldn't have come to work if I'd had a cold like that.

Exercise 4

She had a bad cold, but she came to work.

I wouldn't have come to work if I'd had a cold.

Do the same.

1. She had a headache. She stayed at work.

2. He had a sore throat. He worked all day.

3. She had toothache. She didn't go to the dentist.

Mrs Lewis: Debbie.

Debbie: Yes?

Mrs Lewis: Did you type this letter?

Debbie: Yes. Why? Is there something wrong with it?

Mrs Lewis: Have a look. This should be £400.000. You've

typed £40.000.

Debbie: Oh, yes. I'm ever so sorry. Mrs Lewis: And you've also misspelt the customer's

name. It should be "Swelling" not "Smelling".

Debbie: Hee-hee!

Mrs Lewis: It's not funny, Debbie. If I hadn't noticed it, we could have lost the order.

Exercise 5

She noticed the error. They didn't lose the order.

If she hadn't noticed the error, they could have lost the order. Do the same.

1. She noticed the spelling mistake. They didn't upset the customer.

2. She saw it in time. They didn't send the letter.

3. She checked the letter. They didn't post it.

Ruth: Hi, Debbie. Did you have a good day, today? Debbie: No, I didn't. I'm glad today's over! Everything went

wrong!

Ruth: Really? Debbie: Yes, I made a lot of typing errors, then I forgot to send

a telex and I offended Bob because I ignored him in

the street. Ruth: Why was that? Debbie: It was that party last night. If I hadn't gone to bed

late, it wouldn't have been such an awful day. I'm

having an early night tonight! Exercise 6

Readers' Letters

Last week we invited readers to write and tell us about things that had happened to them, or things that they had heard about We wanted stories where people just didn't know what to do next Here are the stories that interested us most!

I was in a small country pub. I had just sat down with a pint of beer. Suddenly this huge man — he looked like a boxer — came over, picked up my beer, drank it, banged the glass down on the table, stared at me, and then walked away without saying anything. I suppose I should have said something, but I was scared stiff! I didn't know what to do! What would you have done?

Mr Watney

I was on a touring holiday in France. It was a very hot day and I stopped at a small deserted beach. I hadn't got my swimming-costume with me, but it was early in the morning and there were no people or houses in sight. So I took off all my clothes and swam out to sea. I'm a very strong swimmer. I lay on my back, closed my eyes, and relaxed in the water. When I looked back at the beach, a coach had arrived and there were thirty or forty people sitting on the sand having a picnic! What would you have done? Mr Horniman

'

I was told a lovely story about the Bishop of Fleetwood. He'd gone to New York for a church conference. Anyway, when he stepped off the plane there were a lot of journalists and cameramen. The first question one of the journalists asked was "Do you intend to visit any nightclubs in New York?" Well, the Bishop was 85 years old. "Are there any nightclubs in New York?" he answered innocently. The next morning the headline in one of the New York papers was "Bishop's first question on arrival in New York — Are there any nightclubs?" How would you have felt?

Mr Lee

. Say what you would have done if these things had happened to you.

eg Claire saw a man steal something in a shop. She told a shop assistant what she had seen.

If I had seen someone steal something, I would have done the same thing.

or

If I had seen someone steal something, I would not have said anything.

1. Jim saw a car accident. He didn't help immediately, but ran into a shop to telephone an ambulance.

2. Mike heard a friend tell a lie. He didn't say anything. Later he asked the friend why he had lied.

3. Susan found a purse in the street. There was only a little mo­ney in it and no important papers or cards. There was no one in the street. She kept the money.

4. A stranger asked Pat for some money in the street. The stran­ger said he had to go somewhere urgently by taxi and had forgotten his wallet. Pat gave him the money and her tele­phone number.

5. A TV reporter was asking passers-by their opinion about TV programmes. David wanted to be on television, so he com­bed his hair and went up to the reporter.

B. What would you say in these situations using the third conditional?

1. You have made some soup for supper. Your brother comes back with three friends. He didn't tell you he was going to do this and you don't have enough soup for everyone. What do you say to your brother?

2. You were in the shower when the telephone rang so you didn't answer it. Your mother told you later that it was her on the phone and wondered why you hadn't answered it. What do you say to her?

3. A friend has just reminded you that there is a party on Satu­rday night. You nearly forgot about it. What do you say to your friend?

4. A friend is upset because when you visited his home town last week you didn't visit him. Unfortunately, you didn t have time. What do you say to him?

5. Your younger sister took a photo of her best friend but unfor tunately she stood too close so the photo wasn't very good What do you say to her?

6. A company offered you a job but the salary was very low. You didn't take the job. Your father wonders why. What do you say to him?

James wrote a play for television about an immigrant family who came to England from Pakistan, and the problems they had settling down in England. The play was surprisingly successful, and it was bought by an American TV company.

James was invited to go to New York to help with the production. He lived in Dulwich, which is an hour's journey away from Heathrow. The plane was due to leave at 8.30 a.m., so he had to be at the airport about 7.30 in the morning. He ordered a mini-cab for 6.30, set his alarm for 5.45, and went to sleep. Unfortunately he forgot to wind the clock, and it stopped shortly after midnight. Also the driver of the mini-cab had to work very late that night and overslept.

James woke with that awful feeling that something was wrong. He looked at his alarm clock. It stood there silently, with the hands pointing to ten past twelve. He turned on the radio and discovered that it was, in fact, ten to nine. He swore quietly and switched on the electric kettle.

He was just pouring the boiling water into the teapot when the nine o'clock pips sounded on the radio. The announcer began to read the news... "reports are coming in of a crash near Heathrow Airport. A Boeing 707 bound for New York crashed shortly after taking off this morning. Flight number 2234..." James turned pale. "My flight," he said out loud. "If I hadn't overslept, I'd have been on that plane."

A. Questions

1. What was James's play about? 2. Did everyone expect it to be terribly successful? 3. Who bought it? 4. So what did they invite him to do? 5. Why didn't he wake up at 5.45? 6. Why did his alarm clock stop? 7. How did he discover what the time was? 8- What did he do when he found it was ten to nine? 9. What was the first item on the news? 10. Why did James turn pale?

*•• Look carefully at these third conditional situations arising from he story. Fill in the gaps with would haveor wouldn't have.

1. If James hadn't written the play, the Americans... bought it

2. If the Americans hadn't bought it, they... invited him to go to New York.

3. If they hadn't invited him to go to New York, he... booked a flight.

4. If he hadn't booked such an early flight, he...had to get up so early.

5. If he hadn't had to get up so early, he... needed to set the

alarm.

6. If he hadn't forgotten to set the alarm, it... gone off.

7. If the mini-cab driver hadn't overslept, he... taken James to the airport.

8. If the mini-cab had taken James to the airport, he... chec­ked in on time.

9. If he'd checked in on time, he... been on that plane. 10. If he'd been on the plane, he ... been killed.

C. Look at this conversation:

"I wouldn't have made it like that." How...? "How would you have made it?"

Reply to the following remarks with a third conditional question.

1.1 wouldn't have typed it like that. How...?

2. You shouldn't have bought it there. Where...?

3. That was a silly thing to do. What...?

4.1 wouldn't have paid as much as that.

How much...? 5.1 wouldn't have told her about it.

Why...? 6. That was a stupid thing to say.

What...? 7.1 wouldn't have gone there.

Where...? 8.1 think you were silly to go by train.

How...? 9.1 wouldn't have gone there on a Sunday.

When...? 10. I'd have bought it at Harrods.

Why...?

Tom: I was in love with a girl called Gloria. Eventually I asked her to marry me, but she refused. I was very upset and felt I needed a change so I decided to go abroad for a short holiday. I chose Luzern as I had friends there.

One day I went for a trip on the lake in a little pleasure boat. I was sitting on the deck, when a dark, pretty girl took the seat next to mine. I got into conversation with her, and she told me that she was Spanish, and that she was visiting Switzerland as the companion to an elderly lady from Argentina. She told me that she intended to come to England to learn English, so we exchanged addresses. Her name was Isabel.

When I got home, I wrote to Isabel. She replied, and I found her an au pair job with an English family, not far from where I live, in Surrey. After I'd asked her several times, she agreed to go out with me. Three weeks ago we got married.

A. Note this pat tern:

I was in love with Gloria/I asked her to marry me

If I hadn't been in love with Gloria, I wouldn't have asked

her to marry me.

Use the ideas below to make more sentences:

1. Gloria refused to marry теЯ was upset

2.1 was upset/I decided to go abroad for a holiday

3.1 have friends in Luzern/I chose to go there

4.1 was in Luzern/I decided to go for a trip on the laloe

5.1 decided to go for a trip on the lake/I met Isabel

6. The old lady from Argentina wanted to go to Switzerland/ Isabel went there

7. We met on the boat/She gave me her address

8. She gave me her address/I wrote to her

9. She wrote to теЯ found her the au pair job

10.1 found her the au pair job/She came to England

11.1 asked her several times to come out with me/She carne

out with me 12. She came out with me/We got married

B. Situation'

A month ago, you went out without an umbrella, got wet caught a cold, fell ill and lost your job. A week later you found a much better job. How many sentences can you make from this story beginning, "If I hadn't..., ..."? Can you think of a similar story yourself?

Harry: We shall be awfully late home if that No 12 bus doesn't come soon...

Let's stand in this doorway out of the wind. Nora: All right, but we must be careful not to miss the

bus... How did you enjoy the film? Harry: I'd never have gone if I had known it was going to

be so silly.

Nora: Why, what was silly about it? Harry: Well, no sane man would have married that other girl so soon after he had murdered his wife. It was sure to make people suspicious.

Nora: If he had been sane he wouldn't have murdered her! Besides, the girl wouldn't have waited for him if he hadn't asked her immediately. Harry: All the better for him if she hadn't! Nora: Yes, but then he wouldn't have paid for his crime Anyhow, I'd have enjoyed the film much more it Elsa Hollywood had been in it instead of Linda Spangle.

Harry: And I'd have enjoyed it more if we hadn't gone at all Nora (sharply): And I'd have enjoyed it more if you hadn't

been so rude to that woman in front. Harry: Well, I shouldn't have been rude to her if she had

stopped chattering when I asked her. Nora: I wish you'd behave better in public places. Harry: I behave better! I like that! Why, if that woman had. (Sound of a bus starting up)

But look, isn't that a No 12 bus just going? Nora: Yes, it is, and we've missed it after all. We should have seen that bus, Harry, if you hadn't been so busy quarrelling.

Harry (in injured tones): Really, Nora, I think it would have been much better if I had stayed at home tonight and let you go to the cinema alone. д. Questions

1. Where have Nora and Harry just been? 2. What are they doing at the moment? 3. What are they talking about? 4. What does Harry think of the film? Why? 5. Did Nora enjoy the film? 6. Why did they miss the bus ?

B. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms.

1. We (see) that bus, Harry, if you (not be) so busy quarrelling. 2.1 wish you (behave) better in public places. 3. And I (enjoy) it more if we (not go) at all. 3. Yes, but then he (not pay) for his crime. 4. We (be) awfully late home if that No 12 bus (not come) soon. 5. I never (go) if I (know) it was going to be so silly. 6. I (not be) rude to her if she (stop) chattering when I asked her. 7. If he (be) sane he (not murder) her. 8.1 (enjoy) the film much more if Elsa Hollywood (be) in it instead of Linda Spangle. 9. No sane man (marry) that other girl so soon after he (murder) his wife. 10. Besides, the girl (not wait) for him if he (not ask) her immediately. 11. And I (enjoy) it more if you (not be) so rude to that woman in front. 12.1 think it (be) much better if I (stay) at home tonight and (let) you go to the cinema alone.

C. Give the appropriate English phrases for the following.

1. Мне бы хотелось, чтобы ты вел себя приличнее в об­щественных местах. 2. В конце концов мы его пропустили. 3. Это должно было наверняка вызвать у людей подозре­ние. 4. Давай постоим в дверях, чтобы не быть на ветру. 5. Мне бы понравилось больше, если бы мы не пошли в кино вообще. 6. Мы поздно попадем домой, если 12-ый автобус ско-Р° не придет. 7. Нам нужно быть внимательными, чтобы не Пропустить автобус. 8. Я бы никогда не пошел, если бы знал, ^Что фильм окажется таким глупым. 9. Что в нем глупого? "• Я бы не нагрубил ей, если бы она перестала болтать,

когда я попросил ее об этом, 11. Мы бы увидели тот авто­бус, если бы ты не был так поглощен ссорой. 12. Я думаю, что было бы гораздо лучше, если бы я остался сегодня до­ма и позволил тебе пойти в кино одной. 13. А мне бы фильм понравился больше, если бы ты не нагрубил той женщине, которая сидела впереди нас.

D. Give a brief summary of the conversation.

E. Roleplay the conversation.

Wish and If only

1. Wish and if only + past tense

We can use wish and if only with a past tense to express regret about the present (to say that we would like something to be different).

I wish I had a car. (I do not have a car.)

I wish he wasn't so horrible to me. (He is horrible to me.)

She wishes she could play the guitar. (She cannot play the

guitar.)

If only we knew Maria's address. (We do not know Maria's

address.)

If only is more emphatic than wish.

We often use were instead of was after wish and if only, especially m a more formal style.

I wish he weren't so horrible to me. If only I were better-looking.

2. Wish and if only + would

I wish you would stop making that noise.

We use would after wish and if only when we want something to stop happening, or we want something different to happen

I wish you wouldn't slam the door when you come in It makes me angry.

I wish he wouldn't leave his clothes lying all over the bathroom floor.

If only you would stop complaining! 3. Wish and if only + past perfect

To express regret that something happened or did not happen in the past, we can use wish and if only with the past perfect (had + past participle).

Oh, I'm tired. I wish I'd gone to bed earlier last night. (I did

not go to bed very early last night.)

I wish I hadn't stayed out so late. (I stayed out late.)

If only you had explained the situation to me. (You did not

explain the situation to me.)

As if

a. We use as if before a subject+verb to say how someone or something seems.

You look as if you're cold.

It looks as if it's going to stop raining.

We sometimes use as if+ a past tense to talk about the present. My brother sometimes behaves as if he was my father.

The sentence does not refer to the past here: we use the past (he was my father) because the idea is "unreal" (in fact he is not my father).

We often use were instead of was after as if to express "unreal" ideas, especially in a more formal style.

My brother sometimes behaves as if he were my father. b. We can use as though instead of as if. You look as though you're tired.

My brother sometimes behaves as though he were my father.

^c- In an informal style, like is sometimes used instead of as if/ 'hough.

It looks like it's going to stop raining.

Practice

I. Rewrite the following using a wishconstruction (phrases in brackets should be omitted).

1. I'm sorry I haven't got a washing machine. 2. I'm sorry \ don't live near my work. 3. I'm sorry our garden doesn't get any sun. 4. I'm sorry I called him a liar. 5. I'm sorry I don't know Finnish. 6. I'm sorry I didn't book a seat. 7. I'm sorry I haven't got a car. 8. I'm sorry I can't drive. 9. I'd like Tom to drive more slowly, (but I haven't any great hopes of this). 10. I'd like you to keep quiet. (You're making so much noise that I can't think.) 11. I'm sorry we accepted the invitation. 12. I'm sorry that theatre tickets cost so much. 13. It's a pity that shops here shut on Saturday afternoon. 14. It's a pity he didn't work harder during the term. 15. I'm sorry you didn't see it. 16. It's a pity you are going tonight 17. It's a pity I haven't got a car. 18.1 would like it to stop raining (but I'm not very hopeful). 19. I'd like you to wait for me (even though you are ready to start now). 20. I'm sorry I didn't bring a map. 21. I'm sorry I ever came to this country. 22. I'm sorry I left my last job. 23. I'm sorry I didn't stay in my last job. 24. I'd like him to cut his hair (but I don't suppose he will). 25. I'd like him to stop smoking in bed (but I haven't any great hopes). 26. I'm sorry he goes to bed so late. 27. Motorist in fog: It's a pity we don't know where we are. 28. It's a pity we haven't a torch. 29. I'm sorry I didn't know you were coming. 30. I'm sorry you told Jack. 31. I'm sorry I didn't ask 'led to bring his records. 32. I'm sorry I can't swim 33. I'm sorry you aren't coming with us. 34. I'm sorry you aren't going to a job where you could use your English. 35. It's a pity you didn't ask him how to get there. 36.1 would like every country to stop killing whales (but have no real hope of this). 37. I'm sorry I didn't go shopping. 38. I'm sorry I don't know how to dance. 39. It's a pity I don't have enough money to buy this book. 40. I'm sorry I can't go with you. 41. It's a pity Jack didn't come to the party.

II. Supply an appropriate auxiliary in the following.

\. I'm not at home, but I wish I w£is. 2.1 don't know her, but I wish I did. 3.1 can't sing well, but I wish I could. 4.1 didn't go, but I wish I had.

5. He won't talk about it, but I wish he would.

6.1 didn't read that book, but I wish_________.

7.1 want to go, but I can't. I wish I________.

8.1 don't have a bicycle, but I wish I_________.

9. He didn't buy a ticket to the game, but he wishes he

10. She can't speak English, but she wishes she________.

11. It probably won't happen, but I wish it________.

12. He isn't old enough to drive a car, but he wishes he______.

13. They didn't go to the movie, but they wish they______.

14.1 don't have a driver's license, but I wish I________.

15. I'm not living in an apartment, but I wish I_______.

16. Bobby didn't tell me the truth, but I wish he______.

17. Dick doesn't live close to school, but he wishes he______.

18.1 didn't study English before I came here, but I wish I

19.1 didn't finish my homework last night, but I wish I

20.1 can't move into a new apartment, but I wish I________.

21. Jane won't come, but I wish she_________.

22. Nick won't join us, but I wish he_________.

II. Complete the following conversations. Use auxiliary verbs in he completions.

1. A: Did you go to the party last night?

B: Yes, I did, but I wish Lhadnlt. It was boring.

2. A: Did you eat breakfast this morning?

В: No,________, but I wish_________. I'm hungry. My

stomach is growling.

3. A: Do you exercise regularly?

B: No,_______, but I wish____________. I always feel

better when I exercise regularly. •. A: Did you study for the test?

B: No,______, but I wish____________. I got an "F"

on it. 5. A: Are you a good artist?

B: No,__________, but I wish________. I'd like to be

able to draw. 6- A: Did you go to the movie last night?

I 223

В: Yes,________, but I wish__________. It was a waste

of time and money.

7. A: Do you have to eat at the student cafeteria?

B: Yes,________, but I wish__________. The food i_s

bad.

8. A: Can you speak Chinese?

B: No,____, but I wish_______.

9. A: Is it hard to learn a second language? B: Yes,________, but I wish_________.

IV. Answer no.Use wish.

A: Can you speak Arabic?

B: No, I can't, but I wish I could.

1. Did you study last night? 2. Did you go to bed early last night? 3. Do you have a car? 4. Are you (a movie star)? 5. Can you speak (language)? 6. Did you eat breakfast? 7. Is (...) here today? 8. Do you know how to dance? 9. Did (...) call you last night? 10. Can you play (a musical instrument)? 11. Are you full of energy today? 12. Do you live in an apartment? 13. Is the weather nice today? 14. Did (...) help you with your homework? 15. Is your family here? 16. Do you have to go to class tomorrow? 17. Can you buy (a Rolls Royce)? 18. Do you know how to type?

V. Make wishes based on the given situations. Try to think of as many possible wishes as you can for each situation.

Example: You're hungry. What do you wish? Response: I wish I'd eaten breakfast.

I wish I had a candy bar.

I wish I could go to (name of a place) and get a

hamburger.

I wish I weren't in class right now.

I wish I didn't have to go to another class after this

one.

I wish the classroom were a restaurant and I had a

steak in front of me instead of my grammar book

1. You're tired. 2. The weather is... today. 3. You live ir (kind of residence). 4. You don't have many talents. 5. This is^a

nice classroom but ... 6. You're very busy. You have a lot of thing⁸ to do today. 7. Things about yourself and your life that you would like to change. 8. There are many problems in today's world.

VI. Complete the sentences with words in parentheses.

\. True situation: I don't have enough time.

a) I wish I (have) enough time.

b) If I (have) enough time, I (go) to the park.

2. True situation: I don't have enough money.

a) I wish I (have) enough money.

b) If I (have) enough money, I (fly) home this weekend.

3. True situation: It's cold today.

a) I wish it (be, not) cold today.

b) If it (be, not) cold today, I (go) swimming.

4. True situation: I don't know how to swim.

a) I wish I (know) how to swim.

b) If I (know) how to swim, I (go) to the beach with you.

5. True situation: I don't understand that sentence.

a) I wish I (understand) that sentence.

b) If I (understand) that sentence, I (explain) it to you.

6. True situation: I have to go to class today.

a) I wish I (have to go, not) to class today.

b) If I (have to go, not) to class today, I (go) shopping, or I (visit) my friends.

7. True situation: It isn't Saturday.

a) I wish it (be) Saturday.

b) If it (be) Saturday, I (go) to the beach.

8. True situation: I'm not rich.

a) I wish I (be) rich.

b) If I (be) rich, I (live) on a farm and (raise) horses.

VII. Mention something that is not perfect in your life and then Make a wish.

Example: Not everything in your life is perfect. Tell me some­thing that makes you unhappy about your life. Response: My classes begin at 8 o'clock in the morning. Teacher: What do you wish? Response: I wish my classes didn't begin at eight.

⁸3ак ц iq 225

I wish my classes began at ten.

I wish I didn't have to get up so early. (To the teacher: You may wish to expand the exercise to include an introduction to conditional sentences with if).

Teacher: What would you do if your classes didn' t begm

at eight? Response: If my classes didn't begin at eight, I would sleep

until the middle of the morning.

VIII. Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses.

1. True situation: I didn't have enough time yesterday.

a) I wish I (have) enough time yesterday.

b) If I (have) enough time yesterday, I (go) to the park

2. True situation: I didn't have enough money last night.

a) I wish I (have) enough money last night.

b) If I (have) enough money last night, I (go) to a show.

3. True situation: Mary didn't come to my party last week.

a) I wish she (come) to my party.

b) If she (come) to my party, she (meet) my fiance.

4. True situation: It was cold yesterday.

a) I wish it (be, not) cold yesterday.

b) If it (be, not) cold yesterday, I (go) swimming.

5. True situation: Jack didn't study for the test.

a) Jack wishes he (study) for the test.

b) If he (study) for the test, he (pass) it.

IX. Make sentences with wish and if. Follow the patterns in the examples.

Example: I don't have enough time.

Response: I wish I had enough time. If I had enough time, I

(would/could go shopping this afternoon, etc.) Example: I didn't have enough time. Response: I wish I had had enough time. If I'd had enough

time I (would have/could have gone shopping

yesterday afternoon, etc.).

1.1 don't have enough money. 2.1 didn't have enough money. 3.1 don't have enough time. 4.1 didn't have enough time. 5. The weather isn't nice. 6. The weather wasn't nice. 7. I'm in class

_right now. 8.1 came to class yesterday. 9. My friend isn't at home. 10. My friend wasn't at home. 11.1 don't know how to play the guitar. 12.1 didn't know that my uncle was ill.

%. Using the information т parentheses, complete the sentences _With as if/as though

1. (I wasn't run over by a ten-ton truck.)

I feel terrible. I feel as if (as though) Т had been run over hy a ten-ton truck.

2. (English is not her native tongue.) She speaks English____.

3. (His animals aren't people.)

I know a farmer who talks to his animals____.

4. (You didn't see a ghost.) What's the matter? You look____.

5. (His father is not a general in the army.) Sometimes his father gives orders____.

6. (I didn't climb Mt. Everest.)

When I reached the fourth floor, I was winded. I felt ____ instead of just three flights of stairs.

7. (He does have a brain in his head.) Sometimes he acts____.

8. (We haven't known each other all of our lives.)

We became good friends immediately. After talking to each other for only a short time, we felt____.

9. (A giant bulldozer didn't drive down Main Street.) After the tornado, the town looked____.

10. (I don't have wings and I can't fly.) I was so happy that I felt____.

11. (Tim isn't the boss.) Tim acts____.

12. (The dog isn't a child.) They treat their dog____.

13. (You have many friends.)

You look so depressed. You look____a friend in the world.

14. (The earth didn't stop.)

It was so quiet that it seemed____.

15. (Something happened.)

Craig bumped the other car and then continued

XI. Complete the sentences with your own words. Examples:

When I walked into the room, I felt as though... When I walked into the room, I felt as though everyone were staring at m

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