Listen, read and practise. When Alan was ten he seemed to be very interested in computers

Computer Czazy

When Alan was ten he seemed to be very interested in computers. His mother knew that he would love to have one, but she couldn't afford to buy him one. He learned how to use a friend's computer, but he couldn't wait to get one of his own. His mother decided to give him a computer for his twelfth birthday. At first she only let him use it for an hour a day. She didn't want it to damage his

eyes.

By the time Alan was fifteen he had become very good at using his computer, but it was his only hobby. His mother wanted him to go out and do things, but he had very few friends. Nobody could persuade him to do anything and nothing could make him turn his computer off.

In the end, his mother threatened to turn off the electricity. Alan went to bed and pretended to be asleep, but at midnight he got up to work at the computer again. He didn't want to sleep or to eat. He just couldn't bear to be away from his computer.

Alan's mother didn't know what to do. Her sixteen-year-old son had become a computer addict. Not even the family doctor knew how to help. One morning Alan's mother found him lying on the bedroom floor. He had collapsed with exhaustion. Two weeks in hospital finally made Alan realize that his computer had become a dangerous obsession.

Now Alan is eighteen. He has lots of friends and hobbies. He

hopes to study computer science at university and would like to find a job in computer research.

A. Questions

1. Why didn't Alan's mother buy him a computer when he was ten? 2. When did his mother decide to give him a computer? 3. How long did she let him use it? 4. Why didn't she let him use it for longer? 5. What made Alan's mother realize that he had become a computer addict? 6. What did she threaten to do? 7. What did Alan do that night? 8. What made him realize that the computer had become an obsession? 9. What does he hope to do next? 10. What would he like to do when he has finished studying?

B. Read the text and then complete the sentences from the text.

When Alan was ten, he ... very interested in computers. His mother knew that he... one, but she couldn't... him one. He learned ... a friend's computer, but he ... one of his own.

His mother... him a computer for his twelfth birthday. At first she only... it for an hour a day. She didn't... his eyes. By the time Alan was fifteen he had become very good at using his computer, but it was his only hobby. His mother... out and do things, but he had very few friends. Nobody could... anything and nothing could ... his computer off.

In the end, his mother ... off the electricity. Alan went to bed and... asleep, but at midnight he got up ... at the computer again. He didn't... or... He just couldn't... away from his computer.

Alan's mother didn't know ... Her sixteen-year-old son had become a computer addict. Not even the family doctor knew ... One morning Alan's mother found him lying on the bedroom floor. He had collapsed with exhaustion. Two weeks in hospital finally ... that his computer had become a dangerous obsession.

Now Alan is eighteen. He has lots of friends and hobbies. He ... computer science atuniversity and... ajob in computer research.

C. Complete the sentences about Alan with the correct form of makeor let.

1. Before Alan had a computer, his friend... him use his. 2. When Alan was twelve, his mother... him use the computer for an hour a day. 3. Then she ... him turn it off. 4. She said Alan shouldn't... the computer damage his eyes. 5. At first, Alan ... his friends

play games on his computer. 6. Alan's friends tried to ... him go out with them, but he didn't want to. 7. His mother tried to... him take up other hobbies, but she couldn't persuade him. 8. The family doctor couldn't... him change his attitude either. 9. A stay in hospital finally ... him realize that his computer was ruining his life. 10. If he hadn't stopped when he did, Alan might have ... himself extremely ill. 11. Alan... his obsession take over his life.

D. Study and practise the text.

E. Situation-

Work with a partner. Imagine that you have five friends who have problems, like Alan. With your partner invent some problems and say how you tried to help. Write five sentences using the verbs below + him/her + to + infinitive. Describe the problem first, like this:

We have a friend who wants to stop smoking, but he can't. We advised him to read some brochures about the dangers of smoking.

1. advise 2. help 3. warn (not to) 4. persuade 5. invite

F. Whose future?

Alan hopes to study computer science at university. What do you hope to do when you leave school?

a) On a piece of paper, write a short paragraph, using some of the following verbs: hope, would like, want, expect, prefer. Remember to use to after the verbs. Do not write your name on the paper:

After school I would like to go to America for a year. My favourite hobby is playing tennis. I hope to be a professional tennis coach.

b) A pupil collects the papers and gives them to other pupils. Take turns to read the paragraph you have been given to the class. If you think there is a mistake, correct it. Then try to guess who wrote it.

G. Mary and Rick don't know how to work with the computer. Complete what they say with a question word (how, where, whichetc.) + to, like this:

eg Rick: I don't know how to turn it on.

Rick: Do you know ... do first?

Mary: Yes, I do, but I'm not sure... put this disk.

Rick: I'd like to know... start this game.

Mary: There are so many keys. I don't know... press first.

Rick: We'll have to find out... make it start. Just press all the keys.

Mary: It's flashing! And it's making a funny noise! Do you know ... turn it off?

Rick: No. Let's look at the book. Perhaps that will tell us... do.

Mary: I don't know... look at first. There are at least five com­puter books on the shelf.

H. Make up sentences using (In order,) to+ infinitive to show purpose or the reason why someone does something. Use the prompts.

eg 10 Downing Street

I'm going to 10 Downing Street to talk to the Prime Minis­ter, eg the kitchen

I'm going to the kitchen to wash the dishes.

Prompts: England, Moscow, France, Rome, China, the super­market, the station, the post office, the library, the shoe shop, the booking agency, the University, the bank.

~What's Wrong?

Jenny: What's wrong, Jane? You look upset.

Jane: I want to go sailing, but my aunt won't let me go. She's too strict. She lets Ben do everything, and he's younger than me. Yesterday she let him watch TV until midnight. She makes me do the washing up every day, but she never makes Ben do anything. It isn't fair.

Later, Jenny tells Nick about Jane's problem.

Jenny: Jane says that she wants to go sailing, but her aunt won't let her go. She says her aunt makes her do the washing up every day but she never makes Ben do anything.

A. Questions

1. Why does Jane look upset? 2. What is she complaining of?

B. What do these things make you or others do? Use words from each list to make ten sentences.

eg Onions make my sister cry. Onions don't make me cry.

C. Say four things from the box that your parents let you do. Say four things that they don't let you do.

eg They let me have parties. They don't let me stay out late.

have parties

stay out late

go on holiday with friends

buy your own clothes

go out in the evenings alone

bring friends home

listen to loud music

wear whatever clothes you want

watch late films on TV

talk on the telephone for hours

spend lots of money on records

D. What do your parents make you do? What don't they make you do? Write a short paragraph. Here are some ideas:

keep all your things in your room

help at home

get up early on Sundays

do homework every night

do the washing up

clean your shoes

Susan is ~WoZ£ied

It's a fine spring day. Tom is sitting in his garden at home, marking some books.

Susan: Tom? Do you think you could come into the kitchen for a second? There's something I'd like you to look at.

Tom: What? Just let me finish these books and I'll be right there.

Susan: Would you mind coming right away, please? It's the washing machine. It's making a funny noise. I want you to listen to it. I'm worried.

Tom: Oh, no! Not again. (In kitchen now. Tom has to shout above a loud whirring and pumping noise) It's the pump, that's what it is.

Susan: I can't hear you. Let me turn the machine off!

Tom: The pump isn't working properly. What do you want me to do about it?

Susan: What do I want you to do about it? Repair it, of course. You don't think I made you leave your work for no­thing, do you?

Tom: But I'm not a mechanic. Why don't you ring the shop where we bought the thing? Ask them to repair it.

Susan: Are you sure that's what you want me to do?

Tom: Of course I'm sure? Why do you ask?

Susan: Because the last time they came you got very angry.

Tom: Did I?

Susan: Yes. It was a small question of money. Don't you remem­ber? The men were only here for half an hour but they still charged £ 8 for an hour's work. You didn't like that at all.

Tom: Oh? Hmm ... yes. I remember now.

A. Questions

1. Why is Susan worried about the washing machine? 2. What exactly does she want Tom to do about it? Ask why! 3. What does he want her to do? 4. What happened the last time something went wrong with the machine?

B. Study and practise the conversation.

59

С. Make progressive substitutions. Let me finish these books.

help you stay here

him me

repair your bike do it

her think

I'd like you to look at the washing machine.

help me to come

her him

phone us go abroad

buy the tickets you

them study German

stay with us make a cake

There's something I'd like you to look at.

do read

remember cook

see type

think over listen to

forget pay attention to

Do Уои need a Ride?

Jim: Hi,-Keiko.

Keiko: Oh, hi, Jim.

Jim: What are you reading?

Keiko: A mystery. "Murder on the Nile" by Agatha Christie.

Jim: That reminds me. Can you tell me where the library is?

Keiko: Yeah. It's on Young Street across the City Hall.

Jim: You don't know what time it closes, do you?

Keiko: Gee, no, I don't. I always have Sandra return my books. She goes there all the time.

Jim: Sandra?

Keiko: Sandra Green. The new designer. She does a lot of re­search at the library.

Jim: Oh, I haven't met her yet.

Keiko: I'll introduce you. You'll like her. She's very nice. Say, don't forget the meeting at Butler's Department Store

this afternoon. It's at 2:00. Jim: Oh, right. Do you need a ride? Keiko: No. Jessica made me promise to get there early, so I'll

probably leave about 1:00. I'll get Sandra to give me

a ride. She has to be there early, too. Jim: OK. See you this afternoon.

A. What can you infer from the conversation? Answer "I think so " or "I don't think so ". Give reasons for your answers, as in the example.

— Jim often borrows books from the library.

— I don't think so, because he doesn't know where the library is.

1. Jim and Keiko work together. 2. Jessica is their boss. 3. Kei­ko and Sandra are probably friends. 4. Jim and Sandra work in the same room. 5. Sandra gets ideas for new clothing designs from books in the library. 6. Keiko drives to work every day.

B. Study and practise the conversation.

C. Pretend you are talking to someone you do not know very well. Make these questions more polite.

\. When does the library open? 2. What time does it close? 3. What kind of books do they have? 4. Which floor are the mysteries on? 5. Who should I talk to to get a library card? 6. How much does a library card cost? 7. What information does the librarian need? 8. How long can I keep a book?

D. There are many ways to tell someone to do something. Look at these sentences from the conversation. Then make sentences about Jim and his mother.

Ask: I always have Sandra return my books.

Persuade: I'll get Sandra to give me a ride.

Force: Jessica made me promise to get there early.

1. When Jim was a little boy, his mother had a lot of rules for him. What did she make him do?

Mother. Finish your homework before dinner. Clean your

room every Saturday. Brush your teeth before you go to bed. Promise to go to bed by 10:00.

2. When Jim went to college, he was very busy so he persuaded his mother to help him. What did he get his mother to do?

Jim: Mom, could you do my laundry, please? I have a huge test tomorrow and I really have to study. Would you iron my clothes, please, Mom? You iron so well, and I do it so badly. Mom, could you lend me $10? I'll pay you back tomorrow. Really, I will. You're real­ly a terrific mother. Say, could you mend my shirt? You sew so well.

3. Today, Jim lives alone and his mother lives far away. He doesn't have time to do some things, and he doesn't know how to do other things. What does he have other people do for him?

Jim • Please paint my apartment. Please fix my car. Please clean my house. Please take care of my garden.

You're "Driving Too Fast Bert and Jill are in Bert's sports car. He is driving very fast.

Jill: Bert... uh... don't you think you should slow down a bit?

Bert: Slow down? What do you want me to do that for?

Jill: But the speed limit is 70 and you're doing at least 80 and...

Bert: Look! I've told you before that you mustn't talk to me while I'm driving. I can't concentrate!

Jill: But the speed limit...

Bert: And you don't have to tell me what the speed limit is, either. I know all about it!

Jill: I only want you to slow down a bit. And there's some­thing else. There's a pol...

Bert: When I'm in my car, I'm the boss! So if you don't want me to lose my temper, keep quiet.

Jill: All right, Bert.

62

Bert: I don't want you or anyone to tell me how to drive. Jill: No, Bert, (a pause. Suddenly there is the sound of a po­lice car horn.)

Bert: Good Lord! What's that? Jill: A police car, Bert. They're following you. I think they

want you to stop. Bert: A police car! Why didn't you tell me? Do you want me

to lose my driving-licence?

Jill: But that's why I wanted you to slow down before, Bert. I saw the car behind us and tried to tell you, but you said I mustn't talk to you while you're driving. A, Questions

I. What is the speed limit and how fast is Bert driving? 2. What does Bert say when Jill tries to say something about the speed limit? 3. What exactly does Jill want Bert to do? 4. What does the police car want Bert to do?

B. Recall the sentences with "want someone to do something".

C. Study and practise the conversation.

D. Make sentences with "want someone to do something".

1. Richard thinks everyone should understand science. Why does he often buy his son books on science? 2. The boys don't want to work. Why is their father shouting at them? 3. It is five o'clock and Jane's boss has a lot of letters to be typed this evening. Why is he phoning Jane? 4. When Jill was 8, she still could not read. Why did her father get a special teacher for her? 5. Two students in a language class do not understand a word in the text. Why are they holding up their hands? 6. Lady Ottoway has a young daughter, Caroline. Lady Ottoway always invites rich, young men to dinner. Why? 7. Richard never used to be on time in his job. Why did his wife buy him an alarm clock when he got a new job? 8. Richard's son cannot go to sleep. Why is his mother singing to him?

E. Make progressive substitutions. Follow the model. They don't want him to hear.

1. We

2. He

3. me

4. us

5. know

6. find out

7. them

8. her

9. see it 10. have it

What Do You Want to Be ?

1.

Jenny: What do you want to be?

Jane: Dad wants me to be a dentist but I want to be a doctor. I'm learning to do first aid. It won't be easy, but I have decided to work hard at school. What about you? What would you like to do?

Jenny: Well, I like reading. I would like to study languages and literature. I hope to go to university. Then I would like to work abroad for a while. Uncle Joe has offered to help me. He could help me to get a job in the States.

Jane: Will your parents allow you to leave England?

Jenny: Why not? They would prefer me to stay here, but it's up to me. And what about Ben?

Jane: He has decided to become Prime Minister.

A. Study and practise the conversation. 2.

Max: I want to be a mechanic. I like repairing cars. I would like to have my own garage one day. I don't want to go to university. My uncle has offered to give me a job at his garage.

Marion: I hope to study biology and chemistry. I love doing experiments. I would like to be a research scientist one day. I hope I'll manage to get a job at a university

Dave: We can't afford to buy many things at home, so I would like to have a job that pays well — like a pop star. I'm learning to play the guitar—I'm pretty good. I would love to buy a big house for my family.

Jill: I don't like being indoors. I would hate to have ajob in an office. I would prefer to be a gardener. I have decided to leave school next year. I don't want to do any more exams.

A. Say the answers to the questions in full sentences.

eg What does Max want to be? He wants to be a mechanic.

eg What would Dave love to buy?

He would love to buy a big house for his family.

1. Who wants to be a research scientist? 2. What is Dave learning to play? 3. Who doesn't want to do any more exams? 4. What would Marion like to get? 5. What would Dave like to be? 6. What does Marion hope to study? 7. Who would prefer to have an outdoor job? 8. What has Jill decided to do? 9. What would Max like to have one day? 10. What has Max's uncle offered to do?

B. Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use to + infinitive or an -ing form.

1. Max has decided (become) a mechanic, because he likes (repair) cars. 2. Max's uncle has offered (give) him ajob, but he would like (have) his own garage one day. 3. Marion wants (be) a research scientist because she likes (do) experiments. She would like (go) to university. She hopes (study) biology and chemistry. 4. Jill would love (have) an outdoor job. She doesn't like (stay) indoors. She has decided (leave) school next year. She would love (be) a gardener. 5. Dave is learning (play) the guitar. He hopes (become) a pop star, because he likes (write) music. He wants (earn) a lot of money because he would like (buy) a big house for his family.

C. What do/don '(you like doing? What would/wouldn 't you like to be?

D. Say eight sentences about yourself using the to + infinitive form. Use words from the lists or use your own ideas.

eg I have decided to do all the housework.

have offered can (not) afford have decided (not) hope

buy a motor bike/car/boat do all the housework stay out late

become a film star/rock star/interna­tional model

have promised (not) spend lots of money on clothes/shoes have (not) agreed read every play by Shakespeare would (not) like do nothing all day (don't) want live in the mountains

can (not) manage study physics at university

write a book about gardening become an opera singer learn every word in the English lan­guage play professional basketball

E. Conflicts

What do they want to do?

What do other people want them to do?

Write the answers.

eg Jenny: I'm going to the cinema on Saturday.

Jane: Why don't you go to the theatre with me instead?

Jenny wants to go to the cinema, but Jane wants her to go to the theatre.

1. Tom: I'm going to the music shop.

Nick: Why don't you go to the fun-fair with me instead?

2. Jane: I'm staying at home tonight.

Amanda: That's boring. Go to the basketball game with me.

3. Ben: I want to go to the air show on Sunday. Tom: Can't you go with me on Saturday?

4. Jenny: I'm going to watch television now. Amanda: Let's go to the snack bar instead.

5. Ben: I'm going to give my old computer games to my

cousin. Amanda: Oh? Can't you give them to me?

6. Mike: I'm going to visit my friends in London tomorrow. Sue: Can't you visit them next week instead?

7. Jane: I'm going to the swimming pool.

Ben: But you said you would help me with my chemi­stry.

F. I'dlike them to...

What would you like other people to do? Say two things that

you would like each of these people to do: your friend; your parents (father/ mother); your brother (sister).

I'm bored

Jenny: Hi. How are you?

Amanda: Bored. What are you going to do today?

Jenny: Well, do you want to play tennis?

Amanda: My racket's broken and I can't afford to buy another one.

Jenny: Do you feel like swimming?

Amanda: I can't stand swimming. You get all wet.

Jenny: Jane has invited us to go riding with her.

Amanda: I don't know how to ride. Tom offered to teach me once but the horse kicked me as soon as I went near. I refused to carry on.

Jenny: Nick wanted us to go to the zoo with him ...

Amanda: I'm against keeping animals in zoos. I stopped visi­ting zoos two years ago.

Jenny: I don't know what to suggest. You don't want to do anything.

Amanda: Exactly! That's why I'm so bored.

A. Recall the sentences with the gerund and the infinitive.

B. Study and roleplay the conversation.

C. Complete the story about the inventor Thomas Edison with to + infinitive or an -ing form.

Thomas Edison was one of the greatest inventors of all time. But as a child, he didn't enjoy (go) to school. When Edison was only seven, the headmaster decided (expel) him because he refused (do) his school work. He only went to school for three months, but he never stopped (learn). His mother managed (teach) him the most important things, and she persuaded him (read) about science. He didn't mind (stay) at home and he enjoyed (read). He couldn't afford (buy) the books ' needed, so at twelve he began (sell) newspapers and sweets in trains.

He loved (do) experiments, and he set up a laboratory in the luggage van of a train. When he was older, he invented the phonograph and the light bulb,

Do you know the story of Edison and the egg? He wanted (boil) his egg himself, so he asked his housekeeper (bring) an egg and a pan of hot water to his laboratory. She told him (not forget) about the egg. He seemed (listen) to her. But when she returned half an hour later he was boiling his watch and timing it with the egg.

D. Use the verbs in brackets with to + infinitive or an -ing form to complete the questions.

1. Are you for (smoke) in public places? 2. Are you against (advertise) cigarettes? 3. Do you dislike (breathe) other people's smoke? 4. Would you refuse (let) people smoke in a car? 5. Do you mind people (smoke) around you? 6. Do most people start (smoke) too young? 7. Should shopkeepers refuse (sell) cigarettes to children? 8. Can most smokers manage (stop) smoking? 9. Do smokers risk (damage) their health? 10. Are most teenagers persuaded (smoke) by their friends?

'Planning a "Wedding "Reception Lynn is talking to Gina's fiance, Frank.

Lynn: You know, I love going to weddings — especially the

receptions. I like to have a good time, and I love to

dance. Frank: Well, I hope you'll have a good time at our wedding. I

prefer to have a big wedding, but Gina wants a small

one. Lynn: Oh, a small wedding will be nice. When are you going

to start planning the reception. Frank: Soon, I think. In fact, I think Gina is going to ask for

your help. You know Gina — she hates organizing

parties. Lynn: Yeah, and she'll probably continue to work until the

last minute, too, so she'll need some help. Frank: You're right. Lynn: Well, I'd be glad to help. In fact, I'm going to begin

thinking about it right now. Frank: That's great, because I can't stand to plan parties

either.

A. Both answers in each sentence are correct, but which ones did you hear? After you check your choices, read the conversation two ways, once with infinitives and once with gerunds.

Lynn: You know, I love (to go/going) to weddings—especially

the receptions. I like (to have/having) a good time, and

I love (to dance/dancing). Frank: Well, I hope you'll have a good time at our wedding. I

prefer (to have/having) a big wedding, but Gina wants

a small one.

Lynn: Oh, a small wedding will be nice. When are you going

to start (to plan/planning) the reception? Frank: Soon, I think. In fact, I think Gina is going to ask for

your help. You know Gina — she hates (to organize/

organizing) parties. Lynn: Yeah, and she'll probably continue (to work/working)

until the last minute too, so she'll need some help. Frank: You're right.

Lynn: Well, I'd be glad to help. In fact, I'm going to begin

(to think/thinking) about it right now. Frank: That's great, because I can't stand (to plan/planning)

parties either.

B. Study and practise the conversation.

A letter Dear Dennis,

We just wanted to say thank you for putting us up before we caught the plane last week. It was a lovely evening, and we enjoyed meeting your friends, Pete and Sarah. We managed to get to the airport with plenty of time to spare. We even tried to get an earlier flight, but it wasn't possible.

We had a wonderful holiday in Spain. We just loved driving through the countryside, and we often stopped to walk round a mountain village. We met our friends, Bill and Sue, and they invited us to have a meal with them. They wanted us to stay with them, but we couldn't, as we had already booked a hotel. The Weather was fantastic. The sun didn't stop shining all the time We were there. Leaving Spain was very sad. It made me want to cry. Anyway, we're looking forward to hearing from you, and

hope to see you soon. Let us know if you're ever in the area. You must call in.

Best wishes, Sandra

A. Analyse the use of the infinitive and gerund in the text.

B. Study and practise the text.

C. Make sentences with both "stop doing " and "stop to do "for each situation like this.

Lawrence Morrel was typing when his wife came in. "You must eat something," she said. He stopped and ate a sandwich. He stopped typing. He stopped to eat.

1. Everybody was working in the office. Then the tea-woman came in. 2. The painter finished a detail in the picture. Then he had a cigarette. 3. The gardener cut some more grass. Then he looked at the lawn. 4. Peter and his wife were arguing. Then the doorbell rang. 5. The speaker's throat became very dry. He drank some wine. 6. The director, in the middle of a sentence, lit his cigar. 7. The student threw his books down and went for a walk. 8. The librarian put her book down and answered my question. 9. In the middle of the lesson, the teacher went over to the window and closed it.

I'd rather Watch a Soap

Gina: Do yon watch that show every week?

Victoria: Yes. Did you like it?

Gina: Not really. I don't care much for soap operas.

Victoria: What kind of programs do you like?

Gina: Well, I don't watch much television, but I like either news or science programs — programs with infor­mation for the audience. Soap operas are usually too confusing.

Victoria: I'd rather watch a soap. You don't have to think about it and it's entertaining.

Gina: Frank takes after you. He watches more soap operas and TV movies than anybody I know. He says his job is so demanding that he doesn't want to come home at night and think. He wants to be entertained.

Victoria: I can understand that.

Gina: Oh, I can, too. But I guess I like being both enter­tained and informed. For example, there was a prog­ram about Mexico on last week. On one hand, it sho­wed beautiful pictures of different places around the country. And on the other hand, it gave statistics about tourism and travel costs. Neither soap operas nor TV movies offer me that.

A. Questions

I. Who likes soap operas? 2. Who doesn't care for soap operas? 3. Who likes to be entertained? 4. Who likes to be informed, and learn things from TV programs?

B. Study and practise the conversation.

C. Choose the correct answer.

1. When I told Tim the news he seemed ...

A. surprise

B. to be surprised

2. Mrs Thompson is always willing to help, but she doesn't

want... at home unless there is an emergency.

A. to call

B. to be called

3. The children agreed... the candy equally.

A. to divide

B. to be divided

4. Janice is going to fill out an application. She wants ... for

the job.

A. to consider

B. to be considered

5.1 expected ... to the party, but I wasn't.

A. to invite

B. to be invited

6. The mail is supposed ... at noon.

A. to deliver

B. to be delivered

7.1 expect... at the airport by my uncle.

A. to meet

B. to be met

8. Mr Steinberg offered... us to the train station.

A. to drive

B. to be driven

9. The children appear... about the trip.

A. to excite

B. to be excited

10. Your compositions are supposed ... in ink.

A. to write

B. to be written

11. Instead of... about the good news, Tom seemed to be indifferent.

A. exciting

B. being excited

C. to excite

D. to be excited

12. The new students hope... in many of the school social acti­vities.

A. including

B. being included

C. to include

D. to be included

13. You'd better save some money for a rainy day. You can't count on... by your parents every time you get into financial difficulty.

A. rescuing

B. being rescued

C. to rescue

D. to be rescued

14. Please forgive me. I didn't mean ... you.

A. upsetting

B. being upset

C. to upset

D. to be upset

15.1 don't remember... of the decision to change the company policy on vacations. When was it decided?

A. telling

B. being told

C. to tell

D. to be told

16. Mrs Drake expects... about any revisions in her manuscript before it is printed.

A. consulting

B. being consulted

C. to consult

D. to be consulted

17. Sally gave such a good speech that I couldn't resist... loudly when she finished.

A. applauding

B. being applauded

C. to applaud

D. to be applauded

18. If you want to develop inner tranquillity, you have to stop ... by every little thing that happens.

A. bothering

B. being bothered

C. to bother

D. to be bothered

19. Anne hoped... to join the private club. She could make im­portant business contacts there.

A. inviting

B. being invited

C. to invite

D. to be invited

Why Are you Studying English?

Mrs Brennan: Why did you come to the United States, Ro­berto?

Roberto: To study English.

Mrs Brennan: Why do you want to learn English?

Roberto: So I can travel around the world.

Mrs Brennan: Do you want to do anything with your English besides travel?

Roberto: Well, of course I'm studying English in order

to do a better job. I'm a reporter and I meet people from many different countries. I often have to speak to them in English.

Mrs Brennan: How about you, Lynn?

Lynn: I'm here to learn English, too. I want to speak

English perfectly so that I can work here in the United States as a photographer.

Mrs Brennan: Why are you studying English, Lucy?

Lucy: So I can speak to my patients.

Mrs Brennan: Any other reasons?

Lucy: Yes. To speak to my kids and their friends and

teachers. We live here now and my kids speak better English than I do. And besides, you ha­ve to speak English in order to succeed in an English-speaking country.

A. Recall the sentences expressing purpose or reason.

B. Study and practise the conversation.

C. Match the two halves of the sentences.

eg 1. Sally's going to the airport

g) to meet a friend from New York

1 Sally's going to the airport

2. I've got to go to the library

3. Sam's gone to the station

4. I'm going to the newsagent's

a) to see Youcef s family.

b) to get the train to York.

c) to learn Italian.

d) to buy some aspirin.

5. We're going to the cafeteria

6. She's gone to the post office

7. I've got to go to the chemist's

8. She's gone to the medical centre

9. We're going to Algeria

10. They went to evening classes

e) to see the doctor.

f) to buy a magazine.

g) to meet a friend from New York. h) to post a parcel.

i) to return my books. j) to have a cup of tea.

C. to invite

D. to be invited

Why are you studying English?

Mrs Brennan: Why did you come to the United States, Ro­berto?

Roberto: To study English.

Mrs Brennan: Why do you want to learn English?

Roberto: So I can travel around the world.

Mrs Brennan: Do you want to do anything with your English besides travel?

Roberto: Well, of course I'm studying English in order

to do a better job. I'm a reporter and I meet people from many different countries. I often have to speak to them in English.

Mrs Brennan: How about you, Lynn?

Lynn: I'm here to leam English, too. I want to speak

English perfectly so that I can work here in the United States as a photographer.

Mrs Brennan: Why are you studying English, Lucy?

Lucy: So I can speak to my patients.

Mrs Brennan: Any other reasons?

Lucy: Yes. To speak to my kids and their friends and

teachers. We live here now and my kids speak better English than I do. And besides, you ha­ve to speak English in order to succeed in an English-speaking country.

A. Recall the sentences expressing purpose or reason

B. Study and practise the conversation.

C. Match the two halves of the sentences

eg 1. Sally's going to the airport

g) to meet a friend from New York

1 Sally's going to the airport

2 I've got to go to the library

3 Sam's gone to the station

4 I'm going to the newsagent's

a) to see Youcef s family

b) to get the tram to York.

c) to learn Italian

d) to buy some aspirin

5 We're going to the cafeteria

6 She's gone to the post office

7 I've got to go to the chemist's

8 She's gone to the medical centre

9 We're going to Algeria

10 They went to evening classes

e) to see the doctor

f) to buy a magazine.

g) to meet a friend from New York, h) to post a parcel

i) to return my books j) to have a cup of tea

D. Match the two parts of the sentences Then continue them with so (that)or in order to,changing words where necessary.

eg I The police use hidden cameras 2 She gave me her telephone number

3 Keep your voices down

4 We got up early

5 He shut the door quietly

6 I'm going on a diet

7 Take a map with you

8 My wife's working overtime

a) people won't hear our conversation

b) I want to lose weight

c) we can have a holiday this year

d) I could phone her at work

e) they want to catch speeding motorists

f) we wanted to catch the 8 o'clock train

g) he wouldn't wake the baby h) you won't get lost

E. Adam wrote a list of things to do. Use Adam's list to say what he has got to do.

Things to do

1. cash cheque

2. buy toothpaste

3. buy stamps

4. collect photos

5. buy birthday card for Mum

6. return video

7. buy newspaper

8. book ticket

eg He's got to go to the bank to cash a cheque.

Discuss other reasons why you can go to a bank, a post office a chemist's or a newsagent's.

A. You can go to a bank to get travellers' cheques. В: Or to change money.

Make a list of five things you have got to do m the next few days at different places. Then talk about them.

A: I've got to go to the chemist's.

B. Really. Why?

A: To buy some aspirin and a new toothbrush.

F. Talk to your classmates and take notes.

Now report your findings to the class.

"What to "Do in Scotland

Maurice: I've been to see a travel agent. I asked him about whe­re to go in Scotland and what to do there on a first visit. He gave me all these brochures.

Enrico: Oh, fine. That's just what we need for our trip. "Whe­re to stay: bed and breakfast", "What to do in Edin­burgh", "How to find your way in the Highlands".

Maurice: And this will be very useful, too. I got it at that new bookshop. "Scotland: 1001 things to see". It tells you all about where to go, castles and museums to vi­sit, walks to take, and so on. In the agency they also told me who to write to for more publications — it's the Scottish Board in Edinburgh.

Enrico: Well, with all this information, we shall certainly know how to make the most of our holiday ...

Maurice:... and how to spend all our money!

A. Questions

1. What are Maurice and Enrico going to do? 2. What brochures did Maurice get? 3. What sort of information does the brochure "Scotland: 1001 things to see" contain?

B. Recall all the infinitives after question words used in the con­versation.

C. Roleplay the conversation

D. Do some exercises. Use the infinitive after question words

I 1. At the bank

Annegret- Where can I change money, please?

The bank clerk told her where to change money.

1. Who do I ask about money transfers? 2.Which counter shall I go to? 3. Where can I cash travellers' cheques? 4. How do I open an account? 5. Where must I sign the form? 6. How do I use a cheque book?

2. At the post office

AH: How do I register this parcel?

The assistant told him how to register a parcel.

1. Where can I get special issue stamps⁹ 2. How do I make a telephone call to Egypt? 3. Where can I get a postal order? 4. How much postage do I have to put on this letter? 5. Where can I register this parcel? 6. Which counter can I send a telegram from?

3. A trip to Scotland

Mikis: Are you going to Scotland by train or plane? Maurice: We haven't decided yet whether to go by train or plane.

1. Are you going to hire a car?

2. Where are you going to stay?

3. When are you leaving?

4. How long are you staying?

5. Are you going to stay in hotels or bed and breakfast places?

6. Are you going to Shet­land Islands?

We haven't decided yet. We don't know. We haven't decided yet. We haven't decided. We don't know.

We haven't decided.

Fancy That!

(First Old Man=First; Second Old Man=Second; Bus Conductor Bus C.)

First: Did you see that schoolgirl who got off then?

Second: What about her?

First. She looked more like a boy than a girl!

Second: I think it's the other way around. All the boys look

more like girls these days. It's all that long hair!

First: The trouble is these days they don't teach the girls how to cook or how to take care of children or even how to keep house!

Second: My granddaughter's going to university. She's lear­ning how to build bridges and things like that! Fancy that! A girl learning how to be an engineer!

First: Things aren't what they used to be, are they?

Second: No, they aren't. Everything's upside down these days. People haven't even got good manners any more. Look at the way children act.

First: That's right! Why don't they teach the girls to behave like ladies and the boys to behave like gentlemen!

Second: Exactly!

Bus C.: Excuse me. Would one of you give a passenger your seat? She's a mother with a baby and you're nearest the door. It'll only be for a few minutes!

First: What? Give up my seat? Me!

Second: Tell her to stand! I'm not giving up my seat to any­one!

A. Questions

1. What are some of the things one of the men thinks girls should learn? (cook/children/house) 2. What does the other man say about his granddaughter? 3. What is the first old man's question beginning with "Why don't they ...?" (girls/like ladies etc.) 4. Now mention some of the things you learned how to do in school. 5. What are some of the things you think schools should teach girls how to do? 6. What are some of the things you think everyone who gets a "modern" education should learn how to do?

B. Study the conversation and roleplay it in class

C. Make a sentence with show or tell or ask for these situations, like this.

Situation: A secretary does not know how to use a new machine. The representative of the firm that makes them is demonstrating it.

Response : He is showing her how to use it.

1. A man asked me where the bus station was. I said: "Go down the road, then turn right."

2. Larry is training two Indian machinists. He is operating a machine and they are watching.

3. A sergeant has two soldiers in front of him. He is taking a rifle to pieces, bit by bit.

4. Bert is trying to fix his brakes. He has a problem so he is going to phone a friend who knows a lot about such things.

5. The man who installed my new TV set pointed out all the controls and demonstrated them.

6. A week ago I had no idea how to do the new dance. Then Jane demonstrated it for me.

youth hostels

Peter: Have you ever stayed in youth hostels?

John: Yes, of course. It's a cheap way to see a country. But it

isn't a holiday for lazy people. You have your own beds

to make and your room to clean. Peter: And you sometimes get quite a lot of jobs to do. John: Yes, that's true. Sometimes it's a lot of fun. Last year

in a youth hostel in Germany, I was given 10 kilos of

potatoes to peel! I'm very good at it now! Peter: Yes, that's a terrible job. You usually get dirty dishes

to wash or floors to clean. John: At some youth hostels you always get a lot of work to

do, at others you only get a little. My friend has made

a list of the best youth hostels to stay at where there's

no work to do!

A. Recall the sentences with the infinitive after nouns.

B. Study and practise the conversation.

C. John would like to go to the cinema, but nobody has time to go with him. All the students have other things to do.

Helen is going to write some letters.

Helen: Sorry, but I have some letters to write.

1. Mary is going to iron some shirts. 2. Mike is going to finish some exercises. 3. Betty is going to learn a poem. 4. Dick is going

to write an essay. 5. Tom is going to keep an appointment in town. 6. Kate is going to make some phone calls. 7. Jane is going to clean her room. 8. Lucy is going to cook a meal for friends. 9. Bob is going to finish a library book. 10. Pam is going to wash some clothes. 11. Dan is going to repair his brother's bicycle.

D. Make similar sentences.

eg There are a lot of museums to visit, (which you can visit) I have an exercise to do. (which I must do)

We'll Be late

In the station buffet

Michael: Come on, Susan! Hurry up! Drink your coffee! The train's leaving in a minute. We'll be late!

Susan: I can't finish it. It's much too hot for me to drink.

Michael: Why don't you put some milk in?

Susan: I don't like white coffee ... oh... OK.

Michael: There! Is it cool enough for you to drink now?

Susan: Yes... but it tastes awful!

On the platform

Susan: Oh! There's the train ... bring the cases.

Michael: Ooh! What have you got in these cases?

Susan: Only clothes. Why? Are they heavy?

Michael: Yes, they are!

Susan: The taxi driver managed to carry them.

Michael: Well, they're too heavy for me to carry.

Susan: Well, I'm not strong enough to help you ... Porter!

On the train

Susan: Oh, Michael... I didn't tell you. My sister phoned yes­terday.

Michael: Oh? Which sister? Andrea?

Susan: Yes... she wants to get married.

Michael: Married! But she isn't old enough to get married. She's only seventeen. Who's she going to marry?

Susan: Basil Caraway.

Michael: Basil Caraway! I don't believe it! He's much too old for her. He's over sixty!

Susan: I know ... but she loves him!

At their destination

Susan: Oh, no! That was the last bus home! And we've mis­sed it!

Michael: Well, let's walk ... it's a nice, warm evening.

Susan: It's four miles! It's too far forme to walk. Call a taxi!

Michael: A taxi! My name isn't Rockfeller! We aren't rich enough to travel everywhere by taxi.

Susan: Michael! You've forgotten something!

Michael: What?

Susan: We've got three suitcases. Do you really want to walk? Michael: OK... OK... Taxi!.

A. Recall the sentences with tooand enough+ infinitive.

B. Study and practise the conversation.

C. Join the sentences using tooand enough.eg He can't lift the table. It's very heavy.

The table is too heavy for him to lift.

1. They can't drink the tea. It's very hot. 2. She can't buy the coat. It's too expensive. 3. He can't answer it. It's very difficult. 4.1 can't see it. It's very small. 5. The soup is too salty. She can't eat it. 6. The text is very difficult. I can't translate it. 7. The problem is very complicated. We can't solve it. 8. The book is too boring. He can't read it.

eg My son is too young. He can't get married. My son is too young to get married.

1. I'm too busy. I can't go to the movies. 2. It's too cold. We can't go out. 3. She was too excited. She couldn't speak. 4. He was very weak. He couldn't walk. 5. We are too tired. We can't work.

eg He is clever. He will answer all the questions. He is clever enough to answer all the questions.

1. He isn't confident. He won't pass the driving test. 2. She works hard. She will pass the exams. 3. She isn't 16. She can't leave school. 4. He isn't tall. He can't play in the basketball team.

5. They didn't get home early. They didn't watch the chat show.

6. He is strong. He will lift the box. 7. She isn't hard-working. She won't be able to do this work. 8. They are not rich. They can't buy this house.

A Letter

Dear Pam,

I've just been staying with my cousin Kate in Egypt. We went to Luxor and got the chance to go up in a hot air balloon! I didn't have time to worry about being scared. We just climbed into the basket, impatient for the balloon to take off.

As soon as we were in the air, Kate started taking photographs, but she soon stopped to look at the breathtaking view. I wanted to take photographs too, but I hadn't remembered to take my camera with me. It was stupid of me to be so careless.

We floated over the Nile. What a feeling! The view of the boats below us was wonderful to watch.

We left very early in the morning. There was a gentle wind at first, but after an hour the sun started to shine. At the end of our trip we stopped looking at the view and began looking for a safe place to land. People shouted and waved to us on the way down and tourists stopped to watch us landing. I was happy to be on the ground again, but it was a day I'll never forget.

Love,

Christine

A. Study the text and practise it.

B. Make sentences beginning with the words in brackets, as in the example.

eg You lent me the money. (It was kind) It was kind of you to lend me the money.

1.1 forgot my keys. (It was stupid) 2. She sent me a birthday card. (It was nice) 3. He opened your letter. (It was wrong) 4. You found the answer. (It was clever) 5. I left my keys at home. (It was careless) 6. She helped me. (It was kind)

C. Complete the sentences using the to-infinitive form of the verbs in the box.

eg Are you hungry? Would you like something to eat?

say unlock catch wear eat write tell

1. Have you got a key ... this door? 2. Can we meet today? I've got something important... you. 3. I'm staying at home this evening. I've got some letters... 4. "Why are you so quiet?" "1 haven't got anything..." 5.1 need some new clothes... to the party. 6.1 really must go now. I've got a train...

D. Complete the sentences with infinitives.

1.1 was glad... a letter from you. 2. Sue is lucky... alive after the accident. 3. The children are anxious... to the circus. 4. Dick didn't feel like going anywhere. He was content... home and... a book. 5. The teacher is always willing... us. 6. The students are motivated... English. 7. Be careful not... on the icy sidewalks! 8. Sally is afraid... home alone. 9. Ann is proud... the top student in her class. 10.1 was surprised ... Mr Robinson at the meeting. 11. We were sorry... the bad news. 12.1 was happy... my friend at the club.

E. Rephrase the sentences. Use the words т brackets + for + object + to-infinitive, as in the example.

eg You needn't explain. (It isn't necessary) It isn't necessary for you to explain.

1. You needn't pay me back the money. (It's unnecessary) 2. We must leave immediately. (It's essential) 3. She isn't normally late for work. (It's unusual) 4. Everyone should try to keep calm. (It's important) 5. He doesn't normally complain. (It's unusual)

F. Rephrase the sentences.

eg It's very hard to deal with my uncle. My uncle is hard to deal with.

1. It isn't easy to do this work. 2. It's pleasant to look at her. 3. It is difficult to recognize him. 4. It is interesting to talk to him. 5. It is difficult to please you. 6. It is hard to get this book.

G. Complete the sentences with the words in brackets. Use to + infinitive or an -ing form

1. Mr Bell used to smoke, but he stopped (smoke) ten years ago. 2. Mrs Bell must remember (phone) the butcher to order meat for the weekend. 3. The milkman thinks that Mrs Bell forgot to pay him, but she can remember (pay) the bill. 4. Mr Blake

asked the class to stop (talk). 5. Nick can remember (go) to school for the first time. 6. Ben didn't remember (oil) his bicycle. The breaks still squeak. 7. On his way to the station Mr Bell stopped (post) a letter. 8. Jenny, stop (bite) your nails! Don't be so nervous!

There'll Be a R.ise for You

Life was beginning to get Linda down. London sometimes seemed intolerably noisy and dirty. At times she felt very lonely. But now there was something worse. There were rumours going about that the EBC was in financial trouble, and would have to cut down on staff. Linda knew that since she had been one of the last to come, she would probably be one of the first to go. Then, one Friday afternoon, she was told that Wilson wanted to see her. Her heart sank. People always got the sack just before the weekend.

Wilson looked uncomfortable. He said he had meant to tell her something earlier but had forgotten. Linda almost broke down. She went very pale. She could feel her heart thumping. Wilson asked her if she was all right. She bore up somehow and asked him to go on. Then he said that the department had certain difficulties and that he would like to explain them to her. She sat back and waited for the blow to come.

"We're expanding the department; taking on new staff. But there's a shortage of space. I wonder if you'd mind sharing your office with two new reporters. It's only temporary," he said. Linda was so relieved she hardly knew what to say. Then Wilson mentioned that he would like to put her in charge of training the new reporters. "There'll be a rise for you, of course," he added.

A. Questions

1. Which things were getting Linda down? 2. What were the rumours? 3. Why did she think she would get the sack? 4. Why did her heart sink that Friday? 5. How did the interview begin? 6. What were Linda's feelings? 7. What exactly was it that Wilson said that made her feel relieved?

B. She had been one of the last to come.

In the same way say that she did these things among the last.

She:

1. started work

2. heard the rumours

3. went out to lunch

4. was told about it

5. was given a rise

6. saw Wilson that day

C. You are writing an essay on "Pioneers in Science, Art and Technology ". List some of the people or countries who were the

first to do certain things.

D. She waited for the blow to come.

What did she wait for if she thought that:

1. he would give her the sack

2. her heart would stop thumping

3. the phone would ring

4. the weather would clear up

E. You went to the Olympic Games. Describe the excitement and expectation in phrases like, "The crowd sat there, waiting for a new world record to be made. " For example, say what happened before •

1. the gates opened

2. the flame was lit

3. the 100 metre race began

On the Way to Dallas

Gina: It was nice to run into your mother.

Frank: Yeah. I'm sorry we can't stay for dinner.

Gina: Me too, but I really have to get back to Dallas. I don't want to miss class.

Frank: I know. And I should go home and work on that report, anyway. It's due on Monday and I still have to go to the library to look for some information.

Gina: That reminds me. I have ten words to look up in the dic­tionary. I have to find out their meanings and make up sentences with them.

Frank: That doesn't sound like fun.

Gina: It isn't. But it's a good way to learn vocabulary.

Frank: Shall we stop and get something to eat on the way ho­me? We could try out that restaurant we passed on our way here. I hear they have good hamburgers and French fries.

Gina: Frank, you really should cut down on fried foods. You're getting fat.

Frank: I am not! I'm in great shape. And did you know that I've kept up my jogging for over three months now?

Gina: I'm only kidding about getting fat. But I'm not kidding about fried food. It's not good for you. Anyway, let's eat at home. I don't really want to stop at a restaurant.

Frank: Fine. But first we'd better stop at a gas station or we'll run out of gas.

A. 1. Where is the scene taking place? 2. Where are Gina and Frank going? 3. Why are they in a hurry to get back to Dallas? 4. What does Frank suggest? 5. What does Gina say?

B. Refer to the conversation and match these two-word verbs with the definitions on the right.

1. run into

2. get back

3. look for

4. look up

5. find out

6. make up

7. try out

8. cut down (on)

9. keep up

10. ran out (of)

a. find information in a book

b. return

c. invent

d. decrease

e. meet by chance

f. test

g. find

h. discover information i. use all of something j. continue

C. Study and practise the conversation.

D. Respond using had better+ infinitive without to

Alan and Bill have got work abroad for a year and each is taking his car. They mean to leave together, but Bill is a bit behindhand with his preparations.

A: I've rung my parents.

B: Oh, I'd better ring my parents. (Stress on my)

1. paid my bills.

2. said goodbye to my colleagues.

3. sub-let my flat.

4. told my landlord.

5. written to my new boss.

6. applied for my visa.

7. stopped my newspapers.

8. bought my maps.

9. worked out my route.

10. read my instructions.

11. had my injections.

12. collected my traveller's cheques.

13. insured my luggage.

14. put on my roof rack.

15. adjusted my brakes.

16. tested my lights.

17. checked my tyres.

18. changed my money.

19. done my packing.

E. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words in the box.

eg Goodbye. It was very nice to meet you.

impossible/finish pleased/hear safe/go nice/meet easy/use interesting/plan

1. My new video recorder looks complicated, but it's actually very ... 2. That is a very dangerous part of the city. It isn't... out there at night. 3.1 was...that you had passed your exam. 4.1 don't like package holidays. I think it's much more... your own holiday. 5. It's... all that work today. There just isn't enough time.

E. Make up completions to the following. Express the purpose of the action.

eg I went to Chicago to visit my relatives.

1. I went to the market.... 2.1 went to the doctor... 3.1 swim

every day... 4. He came here... 5. He stopped... 6.1 have to go to the bank... 7. He went to the store... 8.1 came to this school...

G. Complete the sentences using the infinitive as attribute (take the words from the box):

lose see laugh at follow speak to do worry about eat answer talk about wash type go

1. This is just the man... 2. There is no time... 3. Here are some instructions... 4. There is nothing... 5. Packing was the first thing. 6. She will always find something... 7. The best place... in out town is the Art Gallery. 8. There was nothing... 9. These are the letters... 10.1 have a lot of dishes... 11. Is there anything... ? 12.1 have several articles... 13. When is a good time...

An Unusual Shopping

As soon as Linda went into the department that sold raincoats, she sensed there was something unusual in the atmosphere.

First of all, there was a salesman there and not a saleswoman. That was very unusual in the women's coat department. He asked if he could be of any help. But when she said she was just looking he did not seem to be listening. He did not look very much like a salesman, either.

A second later a raincoat caught her eye. She asked him a question about it. He did not even hear her at first. She asked again. She wanted to know if he had any coats like it with a detachable lining. He did not seem to understand what a detachable lining was. She explained. Then she went on looking. She noticed that the salesman seemed to be watching another customer in the department all the time. The other customer, a middle-aged woman, left the department. The salesman immediately went to the phone and told somebody on the other end that the woman had gone and had definitely taken two leather belts without paying for them. Then he turned to Linda and explained that he was not a salesman at all but a store detective. Later, Linda read in the paper that a woman had been arrested for stealing some belts from a department store, or, in other words, for shoplifting.

д. Questions

1. What was the first unusual thing Linda noticed? 2. What was the first thing Linda said? 3. What was the salesman's reaction? 4. What did she ask him a few seconds later? 5. What was strange about the salesman's reaction then? 6. What did Linda notice then? 7. What happened after that?

B. Study and practise the text.

C. Join two sentences into one by using without.

eg She left. She did not pay. She left without paying.

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