Shut the left side and translate from English into native language. Shut the right side and translate from native language into English
Shut the right side and translate from native language into English
Read the text
Shut the left side and translate from English into native language.
Shut the right side and translate from native language into Englis
8.4.1.. Finish sentences:
Match the sides
Answer the questions
X. Summarizing XI. Homework-read and translate. Learn the words and terms
ПЛАН ЗАНЯТТЯ 6сем-6-
“”200р.
(дата заняття)
Група: МЕЕ
Спеціальність: Електрики
Тема заняття:Полупровідники.
Мета заняття:
ДидактичнаОзнайомити з новими Л О, навчити їх вірно вимовляти та вживати в читанні, мовленні Практикувати у читанні тексту з метою отримання загального розвитку логічного мислення та пам’яті
Виховна Формувати інтерес до майбутньої спеціальності, бажання вдосканалювати свої знання ,формувати самостійність,наполегливість в пошуках нового.за допомогою вивчення англійської мови.
Види заняття: (лекція, семінар, практичне, лабораторне, консультація, курсове, . дипломне проектування тощо) Практичне
Форма проведення заняття: (диспут, евристична бесіда, ділова гра, бінарне або інтеграційне заняття, шоу, конкурс, аукціон, тощо) Бесіда з елементами гри
Міжпредметні зв’язки:
Забезпечуючи «Всуп до фаху » «Фізика», «Інформатика»
.
Забезпечувані «Електротехніка» ,«Електропривід», «Інформаційні системи та мережі». та ін..
Методичне забезпечення:(карта, роздатковий матеріал, кросворди, опорні
конспекти тощо) картки, роздатковий матеріал
Література:
Обов’язкова Коваленко ВЕ англійська мова Вища школа Львів 1972
Додатковакартки
Технічні засоби навчання: (кодоскоп, комп’ютер тощо)
ХІД ЗАНЯТТЯ
I .Організаційний момент: .
Who is on duty today?
Who is absent?
What date is today?
What day of week is today?
II.Ознайомлення студентів з темою та метою заняття:
Today’s topic is Semiconductors. ”:
to recognize new words and expressions,
to understand their meaning and operate by them discussing the text;
to identify main ideas and details from the text;
to participate in common conversational exchanges on the topic of today's lesson.
III. Мотивація навчання:
The knowledge of this topic will increase your outlook and knowledge of some interesting facts about metals, their place in the life, as future specialists you must be well-educated, cultured people. This information will help you in your future profession
IV.Актуалізація опорних знань.
Grammar tests:
V) Уведення в іншомовну атмосферу:
Watch the short video. Try to understand and answer the questions
VI) Активізація ЛO теми заняття:
I'll check your homework.
u) Робота з картками.
VII. Викладення та вивчення нового матеріалу
VIII.Запис плану
1Introduction with a new words
2 Exercises
3.Introduction with a new topic
4 Exercises
5. Reading the text
IX Homework
X.Summarizing
A semiconductor
A semiconductor has electrical conductivity intermediate to that of a conductor and an insulator. Semiconductors differ from metals in their characteristic property of decreasing electrical resistivity with increasing temperature.[1] Semiconductor materials are useful because their behavior can be manipulated by the addition of impurities, known as doping. The comprehensive theory of semiconductors relies on the principles of quantum physics to explain the motions of electrons through a lattice of atoms.
Current conduction in a semiconductor occurs via mobile or "free" electrons and holes, collectively known as charge carriers. Doping a semiconductor with a small amount of impurity atoms greatly increases the number of charge carriers within it. When a doped semiconductor contains excess holes it is called "p-type", and when it contains excess free electrons it is known as "n-type". The semiconductor material used in devices is doped under highly controlled conditions to precisely control the location and concentration of p- and n-type dopants.
Semiconductors are the foundation of modern electronics, including radio, computers, and telephones. Semiconductor-based electronic components include transistors, solar cells, many kinds of diodes including the light-emitting diode (LED), the silicon controlled rectifier, photo-diodes, and digital and analog integrated circuits.
Materials
Certain pure elements found in Group IV of the periodic table are semiconductors. The most commercially important of these elements are silicon and germanium. Binary compound between elements in Groups III and V, or Groups II and VI, or groups IV and VI also form semiconductors, as do certain ternary compounds and alloys.[1]
Dozens of other materials are used, including germanium, gallium arsenide, and silicon carbide. A pure semiconductor is often called[weasel words] an “intrinsic” semiconductor. The electronic properties and the conductivity of a semiconductor can be changed in a controlled manner by adding very small quantities of other elements, called “dopants”, to the intrinsic material. This is typically achieved in crystalline silicon by adding impurities of boron or phosphorus to the melt and then allowing it to solidify into the crystal. This process is called "doping" and the semiconductor is termed "extrinsic".[4]
Common semiconducting materials are crystalline solids, but amorphous and liquid semiconductors are also known. These include hydrogenated amorphous silicon and mixtures of arsenic, selenium and tellurium in a variety of proportions. These compounds share with better known semiconductors the properties of intermediate conductivity and a rapid variation of conductivity with temperature, as well as occasional negative resistance. Such disordered materials lack the rigid crystalline structure of conventional semiconductors such as silicon. They are generally used in thin film structures, which do not require material of higher electronic quality, being relatively insensitive to impurities and radiation damage. Organic semiconductors with properties resembling conventional semiconductors, are also known.
ON SEMICONDUCTORS
A semiconductor is often defined as an electric conductor that has a conductivity intermediate between that of an insulator and that of metal. The more important semiconductors are: boron, germanium, silicon, selenium, phosphorus, gray tin and others.
The mechanical properties of semiconductors vary greatly. However, in hardness, brittleness, and fracture strength, semiconducting crystals resemble insulating crystals more than they do metals. Besides their electric properties, which in themselves may be of great variety, semiconductors vary in such physical qualities as magnetism, specific heat and thermal conductivity.
Semiconductors are widely used in electronics. They challenge vacuum tubes in many applications in the electronic industry. Engineers and physicists are going to solve many engineering problems by means of semiconductors.
SEMICONDUCTORS
A transistor is an active semiconductor device with three or more electrodes. By active we mean that the transistor is capable of current gain, voltage, amplification and power gain. A transistor is an electron device in which electronic conduction takes place within a semiconductor.
A semiconductor is an electric conductor with resistivity in the range between metals and insulators, in which the electrical charge carrier concentration increases with increasing temperature over some temperature range.
The resistivities of semiconductors and insulators decrease rapidly with rising temperatures, while those of metals increase relatively slowly. Unlike metals and insulators, the resistivity of semiconductors depends upon the direction of current flow. The direction of easiest current flow or lowest resistivity is called the forward direction, the direction of restricted current flow or highest resistivity is known as the reverse or back direction.
Semiconductors, such as the elements germanium and silicon, possess two types of current carriers, namely, negative electrons and positive holes. A hole is a mobile vacancy in the electronic valence structure of a semiconductor which acts like a positive electronic charge with a positive mass.
. Listen to the following questions and give short positive or negative answers:
1. Is a semiconductor defined as an electric conductor?
2. Do semiconductors vary greatly in appearance?
3. May transistors replace vacuum tubes?
4. Does the state of substances depend on temperature and pressure?
5. Will you study electronics this year?
6. Have many human activities played a part in scientific inventions?
7. Did the ancients know anything about electricity?
II. Listen to the new words and word combinations (
ХІД ЗАНЯТТЯ
Read and remember