ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
tool; inorganic compounds; to be colored
Photoelectron spectrum
measurements; to demonstrate; two-electron bonds; carbon; hydrogen; ionization process
Exercise 2.Ask questions to the given answers:
1) Question: ___________________________________________ ?
Answer: Infrared spectroscopy is mostly used for absorptions from carbonyl ligands.
2) Question: ___________________________________________ ?
Answer: Because of the diverse range of elements and the correspondingly diverse properties of the resulting derivatives.
III. Writing Exercises:
Exercise 1. Compose a story on one of the topics (up to 40 words):
“Methods based on quantum theory”
“Forms of spectroscopy”
Exercise 2. Fill in the table with words and expressions from the text:
| properties | information | Process | |
| Example: Older methods examined | electrical conductivity melting points | - | - |
| Quantum theory measures | |||
| NMP spectroscopy gives | |||
| Electron-spin resonance allows for |
Lesson 10
Read the text: Analytical Chemistry
Analytical chemistry is a subdiscipline of chemistry that has the broad mission of understanding the chemical composition of all matter and developing the tools to elucidate such compositions. This differs from other sub disciplines of chemistry in that it is not intended to understand the physical basis for the observed chemistry as with physical chemistry and it is not intended to control or direct chemistry as is often the case in organic chemistry and it is not necessarily intended to provide engineering tactics as are often used in materials science. Analytical chemistry generally does not attempt to use chemistry or understand its basis; however, these are common outgrowths of analytical chemistry research.
Analytical chemistry has significant overlap with other branches of chemistry, especially those that are focused on a certain broad class of chemicals, such as organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry or biochemistry, as opposed to a particular way of understanding chemistry, such as theoretical chemistry. For example the field of bioanalytical chemistry is a growing area of analytical chemistry that addresses all analytical questions in biochemistry, (the chemistry of life). Analytical chemistry and experimental physical chemistry, however, have a unique relationship in that they are very unrelated in their mission but often share the most in common in the tools used in experiments.
Analytical chemistry is particularly concerned with the questions of "what chemicals are present, what are their characteristics and in what quantities are they present?" These questions are often involved in questions that are more dynamic such as what chemical reaction an enzyme catalyzes or how fast it does it, or even more dynamic such as what is the transition state of the reaction. Although analytical chemistry addresses these types of questions it stops after they are answered. The logical next steps of understanding what it means, how it fits into a larger system, how can this result be generalized into theory or how it can be used are not analytical chemistry. Since analytical chemistry is based on firm experimental evidence and limits itself to some fairly simple questions to the general public it is most closely associated with hard numbers such as how much lead is in drinking water.
I. Reading Exercises:
Exercise 1.Read and memorize using a dictionary:
chemical composition, artificial materials, geometric features, species identity, environmental monitoring, quality control, forensic science, matter, tools, unique relationship
Exercise 2.Answer the questions:
1) What subdisciplines of chemistry does analytical chemistry overlap?
2) What properties does analytical chemistry study?
3) How does analytical chemistry relate to biochemistry and physical chemistry?
4) What do you know about the critical role that analytical chemistry plays in the sciences?
Exercise 3.Match the left part with the right:
| 1. Biometrical chemistry is | a) to use chemistry or understand its basis. |
| 2. Analytical chemistry does not attempt | b) include geometric features. |
| 3. Properties studied in analytical chemistry | c) have a unique relationship. |
| 4. Analytical chemistry and physical chemistry | d) analytical chemistry that address all analytical questions in biochemistry. |
Exercise 4.Open brackets choosing the right words:
Analytical chemistry is a subdiscipline of chemistry that has the (narrow/broad) mission of understanding the chemical (composition/valence) of all matter and developing the (pictures/tools) to elucidate such compositions.
II. Speaking Exercises:
Exercise 1.Describe species identity; subdisciplines; significant overlap; tools; contributionusing the suggected words and expressionsas in example:
Species identity
properties; features; composition
example: Properties studied in analytical chemistry include such features as composition and species identity.
Subdisciplines
unlike; to be not restricted; particular type
Significant overlap
branches of chemistry; to focus; chemicals; opposed to; way of understanding
Tools
experimental; unique relationship; unrelated; to share; experiment
Contribution
to play critical role; ranging; development of concepts; variety; applications; industrial manufacturing
Exercise 2.Ask questions to the given answers:
1) Question: ___________________________________________ ?
Answer: Analytical chemistry does not intended to understand the physical basis for the observed chemistry.
2) Question: ___________________________________________ ?
Answer: The field of bioanalytical chemistry is a growing area of analytical chemistry.
3) Question: ___________________________________________ ?
Answer: The problem of analytical chemistry does not necessarily intend to provide engineering tactics as often takes place in materials science.
III. Writing Exercises:
Exercise 1. Fill in the table with words and expressions from the text:
| Subdisciplines | Properties | Relationship | |
| Example: The analytical chemistry contributes into | Organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, biochemistry, physical chemistry | ||
| Properties studied in analytical chemistry include | |||
| Analytical chemistry and physical chemistry share | |||
| Analytical chemistry plays critical roles |
Exercise 2. Compose a story on one of the topics (up to 40 words):
“The relationship between analytical chemistry and all other chemistries”
“The role of analytical chemistry in applied science”