Read and translate the following text
CADASTRE AND LAND MANAGEMENT
Read the following definitions of cadastre and summarize the information in a definition of your own.
A. A cadastre (also spelt cadaster), using a cadastral survey or cadastral map, is a comprehensive register of the metes-and-bounds real property of a country. A cadastre commonly includes details of the ownership, the tenure, the precise location (some include GPS coordinates), the dimensions (and area), the cultivations if rural, and the value of individual parcels of land. Cadastres are used by many nations around the world, some in conjunction with other records, such as a title register.
In most countries, legal systems have developed around the original administrative systems and use the cadastre to define the dimensions and location of land parcels described in legal documentation. The cadastre is a fundamental source of data in disputes and lawsuits between landowners.
B. List of appraised property values in a jurisdiction, used to determine the amount of tax assessed on each parcel.
C. A record of the area, boundaries, location, value, and ownership of land, achieved by a cadastral survey.
D. cadastre – official register of size, ownership, and value of property, used in determining taxes.
4. Study the following words and word combinations. Compose the sentences of your own with some of them:
сadastral survey – када́строві вишу́кування;
metes and bounds – кордони, межі;
real property, real estate – нерухомість, нерухоме майно;
ownership – власність;
tenure – володіння нерухомістю, землеволодіння;
value – вартість;
parcel of land – земельна ділянка;
title register – земельний реєстр (брит.);
lawsuit – судовий позов;
appraise – оцінювати.
Read and translate the following text.
The word cadastre forms the adjective cadastral, used in public administration, primarily for ownership and taxation purposes. The terminology for cadastral divisions may include counties, parishes, ridings, hundreds, sections, lots, blocks and city blocks.
Cadastral surveys document the boundaries of land ownership, by the production of documents, diagrams, sketches, plans (plats in USA), charts, and maps. They were originally used to ensure reliable facts for land valuation and taxation. An example from early England is the Domesday Book. Napoleon established a comprehensive cadastral system for France that is regarded as the fore-runner of most modern versions.
The Public Lands Survey System is a cadastral survey of what is now the western United States begun in 1785 after international recognition of the United States. The Dominion Land Survey is a similar cadastral survey conducted in Western Canada begun in 1871 after the creation of the Dominion of Canada in 1867. Both cadastral surveys are made relative to principal meridian and baselines. These cadastral surveys divided the surveyed areas into townships, regions of land approximately six miles square (certain early surveys in Ohio created five mile square townships), and inside townships into sections, each approximately one mile square. Unlike in Europe this cadastral survey largely preceded settlement and as a result greatly influenced settlement patterns. Most cities and towns feature straight streets and avenues aligned with survey boundaries of townships and sections and spaced at regular intervals corresponding to surveying units such as furlongs*. Properties are generally rectangular and often have dimensions measured in fractions or multiples of chains. Land descriptions in Western North America are principally based on these land surveys.
Cadastral survey information is often a base element in Geographic/Land Information systems used to assess and manage land and built infrastructure. Such systems are also employed on a variety of other tasks, for example, to track long-term changes over time for geological or ecological studies, where land tenure is a significant part of the scenario.
*1 furlong = 10 chains = 40 rod = 660 feet = 1000 links = 201,168 metres.