Ex. 1. Put the verbs in the Present Perfect (have done) or Past Perfect (had done)
It isn't raining now. It’s stopped....(stop) at last.
We had no car at that time. We 'd sold...........(sell) our old one.
1. The park looked awful. People............................................................(leave) litter everywhere.
2. You can have that newspaper. I.........................................................................(finish) with it.
3. There's no more cheese. We...........................................................(eat) it all, I'm afraid.
4. There was no sign of a taxi, although I.............................................(order) one half an hour before.
5. This bill isn't right. They...................................................................(make) a mistake.
6. I spoke to Melanie at lunch-time. Someone..............................................(tell) her the news earlier.
7. I was really tired last night. I..........................................................................(have) a hard day.
8. Don't you want to see this programme? It..................................................................(start).
9. It'll soon get warm in here. I....................................................................(turn) the heating on.
10. At last the committee were ready to announce their decision. They...........................................
(make) up their minds.
Past Perfect Continuous
Ex. 1. Complete the conversation. Put in the Past Perfect Continuous of the verbs.
Rachel: How was your job interview?
Vicky: Awful. I felt terribly nervous. …I’d been worrying.... (I / worry) about it all week. And I was tired because
(1).......................................................... (I / work) on my project the night before.
(2).......................................................... (I / not look) forward to the interview at all
Rachel: So what happened?
Vicky: The woman interviewing me was half an hour late because
(3)................................................................(she / deal) with an unexpected problem, she said.
(4)........................................................(I / wait) ages, and I'd got even more nervous.
Rachel: How did the interview go?
Vicky: Well, I tried to sound confident. (5).......................................................... (I / read) a book that said that's what you have to do in job interviews. But I don't know if I gave the right answers.
Ex. 2. Underline the correct tense.
1. I saw Jim this morning. He ran/was running for the bus.
2. Keri was angry. She had been waiting/was waiting for Sarah for two hours.
3. Andy was relieved to hear that he was passing/had passed the exam.
4. I was walking/had walked home when I saw Paul.
5. Brian learnt/had learnt how to spell his name at school today.
6. They hadn't visited/weren't visiting their grandparents for a long time.
7. I watched/was watching television when the telephone rang.
8. Jason had been thinking/had thought about his new car all day.
9. I bought the dress because I wanted/had wanted something special to wear to the party.
10. The little boy was crying because he had lost/was losing his mother.
11. Graham had been working/was working for the company for twenty years before he retired.
12. Pam opened/had opened the present and read the card.
13. Lucy wrote/had written a letter to her sister last night.
14. It had been raining/was raining all day and the roads were very wet.
15. Sue was smiling/had smiled as she was reading Mary's letter.
Практичне заняття № 3
ТЕМА: Англійська та американська їжа.
Граматичний матеріал: Майбутній перфектно-тривалий час (Future Perfect Continuous)
Читання та обговорення тексту за вказаною темою:
British Cuisine
Some people criticize English food. They say it's unimaginable, boring, tasteless, it's chips with everything and totally overcooked vegetables. The basic ingredients, when fresh, are so full of flavour that British haven't had to invent sauces to disguise their natural taste. What can compare with fresh pees or new potatoes just boiled and served with butter? Why drown spring lamb in wine or cream and spices, when with just one or two herbs it is absolutely delicious? If you ask foreigners to name some typically English dishes, they will probably say "Fish and chips" then stop. It is disappointing, but true that, there is no tradition in England of eating in restaurants, because the food doesn't lend itself to such preparation. English cooking is found at home. So it is difficult to a good English restaurant with a reasonable prices.
In most cities in Britain you'll find Indian, Chinese, French and Italian restaurants. In London you'll also find Indonesian, Mexican, Greek... Cynics will say that this is because English have no "cuisine" themselves, but this is not quite the true.
Vocabulary:
to criticize – критикувати
tasteless - позбавлений смаку
overcooked – переварений
ingredient - інгредієнт, складова частина
to invent - винаходити
sauces - соус
to disguise - приховати
spice - спеція, прянощі
herb - трава
delicious - дуже смачний
disappointing - образливо
to lend - позичати
cuisine - кухня
Questions:
1. What do foreigners say wnen they criticize English food?
2. Do English people use a lot of sauces?
3. From a foreigner's point of view, what typically English dishes?
4. Do all English eat in restaurants?
5. What kind of restaurants can you find in Britain?
6. Is it the true that English have no cuisine?
Traditional American Food
Americans eat a lot. They have three meals a day: breakfast, lunch and dinner. Most of Americans don't eat home but prefer to go to restaurants. They can choose from many kind of restaurants. There is a great number of ethnic restaurants in the United States. Italian, Chinese and Mexican food is very popular. An American institution is the fast food restaurant, which is very convenient but not very healthy.
However there are some principles of American cuisine (if we may call it so). Americans drink a lot of juices and soda, eat a lot of meat, fruits and vegetables, not much bread. In the morning Americans have cereal or scrambled eggs, milk or orange juice. Chicken or fish, fried potatoes, vegetable salads, and desert: this is the most common menu for lunch. Dinner is probably the most important meal of the day, some people have family dinner, when all members of family have to be there. For dinner Americans usually have meat, fried or baked potatoes with ketchup or sour cream, corn, peas, sometimes macaroni and cheese or spaghetti; ice-cream, fruit or cake may be for dessert. Turkey, ham and apple pie are traditional for Christmas and Thanksgiving Day dinners.
Vocabulary:
ethnic - етнічний
healthy – здоровий, корисний
juice - сік
cereal - кукурудзяні пластівці
potatoes - картопля
salad - салат
ketchup - кетчуп
ice-cream - морозиво
apple pie - яблучний пиріг
Christmas - Різдво
Thanksgiving Day - День подяки
Questions:
1. How many times a day do Americans eat?
2. Do Americans like to eat at home?
3. What kind of restaurants is popular in the US?
4.What do Americans eat for breakfast?
5. What is the most important meal of the day?
6. What is a family dinner?
7. What dishes are traditional for Christmas and Thanksgiving Day dinners?
Робота на текстом за професійним спрямуванням.
Спеціальність:Соціальна педагогіка
The Ineere Self: Stress and Anger
Every day you read in newspapers, books and magazines that it is important to avoid stress. Stress can kill, they say. Stay calm. Be relaxed. Slow down. Don't worry so much and don't work so hard. Unfortunately, this is difficult. There are always money problems and family problems. Our cities are full of traffic and noise. Stressful situations seem to be everywhere.
When people are under stress they react in different ways. Some people find it difficult to stay calm and often become tense. Little things, like a baby crying, can make them irritated. They get veryannoyed if they have to wait just a few minutes too long — in a shop or a restaurant. These people are usually very moody. One minute they are fine and the next they can be really angry — absolutelyfurious. Other people seem to stay calm almost all the time, and rarely get angry. For example, if they are caught in bad traffic, they don't get frustrated. They sit calmly in their cars, telling themselves that there is nothing they can do about the situation. These people are not moody at all. They don't change from moment to moment, but always seem to be in control of their emotions.
Some doctors give names to these two personality types: Type A people and Type В people. Type A people work very hard, worry a lot, and are often bad-tempered. Type В people are the opposite. They don't worry. Work is not so important to them and they don't get angry easily. They like to relax a lot and have fun. These doctors say it is better for your health and your heart if you are a Type В person.
VOCABULARY
relaxed— розслаблений
to be under stress — бути в напруженні; перебувати під стресом
tense— напружений
irritated— роздратований
to get annoyed— дратуватися
moody— в поганому настрої, смутний, похмурий
angry— сердитий; гнівний, розгніваний
furious— розлютований, несамовитий, оскаженілий
to get frustrated— засмучуватися
bad-temper— тяжкий характер
QUESTIONS
1. So what are you? Type A or Type B? Why?
2. What makes you angry?
3. Do you agree with doctors who say that it is a bad habit to have a Type A personality? Why? Why not?
4. What can you do to become more relaxed person ?
Граматичний матеріал: Майбутній перфектно-тривалий час (Future Perfect Continuous)
will/shall have been + V-ing (Present Participle)
| Стверджувальна форма Affirmative | Питальна форма Interrogative | Заперечна форма Negative |
| I will(I'll)/shall have been doing | Shall I have been doing? | I shall not/shan't have been doing |
| you will have been doing | Will you have been doing? | you will not/won't have been doing |
| he will have been doing | Will he have been doing? | he will not have been doing |
| she will have been doing | Will she have been doing? | she will not have been doing |
| it will have been doing | Will it have been doing? | it will not have been doing |
| we will shall have been doing | Shall we have been doing? | we will not/shall not have been doing |
| they will have been doing | Will they have been doing? | they will not have been doing |
Випадки вживання
| Дія, яка розпочалася в минулому чи розпочнеться до якогось моменту в майбутньому і все ще буде знаходитися в процесі розвитку до самого моменту | By the end of the year she will have been teaching music for thirty years. |
| We will have been playing tennis for half an hour by then. |
Ex. 1. Put the verbs in brackets into the future perfect or the future perfect continuous.
1. By 3 o'clock, she ...will have been studying... (study) for six hours.
2. By the end of next month, Sam ..................................................................................(finish) the project.
3. He ............................................................(not/start) painting the kitchen before Tuesday.
4. By the time she arrives in Paris, she ...........................................................(travel) for four hours.
5. I hope I ............................................................(buy) my own house by the time I'm thirty-five.
6. By Saturday, Lisa................................................................................. (diet) for two weeks.
7. Hopefully, they..............................................(learn) everything by the time they sit the exam.
8. By 4 o'clock, I ...................................................(sit) in the hairdresser's for three hours.
9. By Christmas, I..............................................(work) for this company for eighteen months.
10. By next weekend, Brian .............................................................................(move) house.
11. Hopefully, the builders .............................................(finish) building the house by next month.
12. By Tuesday, Alan ..................................................................................(sail) for twelve days.
13. By tomorrow morning, she...........................................................(sleep) for twelve hours.