Без относительного местоимения
A. Дополнительные придаточные предложения
Относительное местоимение в дополнительном придаточном предложении можно опустить в устной речи и на письме.
| That's the car I used to own. | Вот машина, владельцем которой я раньше был. |
B. Неограничительные придаточные предложения
Относительное местоимение нельзя опускать в неограничительном придаточном предложении.
4. Which, who and that
A. That вместо which
That часто используется вместо which в устной речи.
| Is this the house thatyou bought? | Это – тот дом, что ты купил? |
B. That вместо who
That также может относиться к людям в бытовой речи.
| Have you met the boy thatSue is going to marry? | Ты видела того парня, за которого Сью собирается замуж? |
C. Which в неограничительных придаточных предложениях
That не употребляется в неограничительных придаточных предложениях.
| The hotel, which was a hundred years old, was very comfortable. | Гостиница, которой было сто лет, была очень уютной. |
D. Предлоги
That не используется после предлога.
| This is the car (that/which) I paid £2000 for. This is the car for which I paid £2000. | Вот машина, за которую я заплатил 2000 фунтов. |
Первый пример используется в разговорной речи. Второе употребление характерно для формальной речи.
5. Whose и whom
A. Whose означает of whom (кого), и обычно относится к людям.
| This is Jack. His sister is staying with us. This is Jack, whose sister is staying with us. | Это Джек. Его сестра гостит у нас. Это Джек, сестра которого гостит у нас. |
B. Whom есть объектная форма от who, и употребляется после предлогов.
| This is the person I sold my car to. This is the person to whom I sold my car. | Вот человек, которому я продал свою машину. |
Первый пример употребителен в разговорной речи. Второй – в формальной.
УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
Подчеркните все относительные местоимения, которые можно опустить в данных предложениях.
a) I think that my boss is the person who I admire most.
b) Harry, who was tired, went to bed very early.
c) We're taking the train that leaves at 6.00.
d) Have you seen the book that I left here on the desk?
e) The film which we liked most was the French one.
f) My radio, which isn't very old, has suddenly stopped working.
g) The clothes which you left behind are at the reception desk.
h) The couple who met me at the station took me out to dinner.
i) Last week I ran into an old friend who I hadn't seen for ages.
j) Don't cook the meat that I put in the freezer - it's for the dog.
2. Замените подчеркнутое относительное местоимение союзом that там, где это возможно.
a) This is the magazine which I told you about.
This is the magazine that I told you about.
b) John's flat, which is in the same block as mine, is much larger.
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c) The girl whose bag I offered to carry turned out to be an old friend.
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d) The policeman who arrested her had recognised her car.
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e) I work with someone who knows you.
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f) We don't sell goods which have been damaged.
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g) Brighton, which is on the south coast, is a popular holiday resort.
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h) I don't know anyone whose clothes would fit you.
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i) There's a pub near here which serves very good meals.
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j) People who park outside get given parking tickets.
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3. Определите тип относительного придаточного предложения: ограничительное или неограничительное.
a) Everyone who got to the sales early found excellent bargains.
Ограничительное
b) Leave the questions which you can't answer until the end.
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c) Helen picked up the book, which had a green cover.
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d) The guests who were late didn't have enough to eat.
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e) Sue, who was extremely hungry, decided to cook some spaghetti.
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f) The person I spoke to before said the repair would be free of charge.
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g) My bedroom, which was rather small, looked out on a noisy street.
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h) David's sister, who likes cats, offered to take one of the kittens.
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i) The person who finishes first will be the winner, of course.
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j) Smith, who had earlier missed a penalty, scored after twenty minutes.
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