Подберите дефиницию к каждому патологическому явлению
| Acute bronchitis | a | a tropical, recurrent disease caused by a parasite Plasmodium which enters the body after a bite from the female anopheles mosquito. The disease produces shivering, vomiting, sweating, headaches and anemia. | |
| Acute pyelonephritis | b | a condition where tissues die and decay as a result of bacterial action because the blood supply has been lost through injury or disease of the artery. | |
| Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) | c | an acute inflammatory condition of the lung caused by bacteria and marked by formation of an exudate in the lung tissue. | |
| Atherosclerosis | d | elevation of systolic and/or diastolic pressure, either primary or secondary. | |
| Cholera | e | a chronic inflammatory reaction of the gallbladder. | |
| Chronic cholecystitis | f | the disorganization of liver architecture by widespread fibrosis and nodule formation, characterized by impaired liver function. | |
| Cirrhosis | g | an acute, diffuse, often bilateral, pyrogenic infection of kidney. | |
| Pulmonary tuberculosis | h | an arterial lesion characterized by initial thickening due to localized accumulation of lipids. | |
| Gangrene | i | an acute inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree. | |
| Gastroenteritis | j | an infectious viral disease of the upper respiratory tract occurring in epidemics and characterized by fever, malaise and muscular aches. | |
| Hypertension | k | an infectious disease, caught by breathing in germs, in which infected lumps form in the lung tissue. Patients, suffering this disease, lose weight, cough blood and have a fever. | |
| Influenza | l | a viral disease spread mostly by sexual intercourse and also transmitted through infected blood transfusions and through using unsterilized needles for injections. It causes a breakdown of the body’s immune system, making the patient susceptible to any infection. | |
| Malaria | m | a condition where the lens of the eye gradually becomes hard and opaque. | |
| Pneumonia | n | an inflammation of the membrane lining the intestines and the stomach, caused by a viral infection, and resulting in vomiting and diarrhea. | |
| Cataract | o | a bacterial disease spread through infected water or food. The infected person suffers from diarrhea and dehydration. The disease occurs in epidemics and is often fatal. |
СИМПТОМЫ
(SYMPTOMS)
1. Ознакомьтесь с названиями симптомов и распределите их в следующей таблице:
| SYMPTOMS | |||||
| Cardiovascular | Respiratory | Gastrointestinal | Central Nervous System | Allergic | Others |
| abnormal faeces | аномальный кал |
| ache | боль |
| allergic reaction | аллергическая реакция |
| arterial insufficiency | артериальная недостаточность |
| burning | жжение |
| constipation | запор |
| cough | кашель |
| cramp | судорога |
| decreased appetite | снижение аппетита |
| dehydration | обезвоживание |
| diarrhea | диарея, понос |
| difficulty in speaking | затрудненность речи |
| discomfort | дискомфорт, неудобство |
| distress | боль, недомогание |
| dizziness | головокружение |
| dyspnea | одышка |
| edema | отек |
| fast/irregular heartbeat | учащенное/аритмичное сердцебиение |
| fatigue | утомление, усталость |
| fever | жар, лихорадка |
| foul-smelling discharge | неприятно пахнущие выделения |
| headache | головная боль |
| heart failure | сердечная недостаточность |
| heartburn | изжога |
| heaviness of legs | тяжесть в ногах |
| impaired speech, hearing and sight | нарушение зрения, речи и слуха |
| indigestion | нарушение пищеварения, несварение желудка |
| inflammation | воспаление |
| insomnia | бессонница |
| irritation | раздражение |
| itching | зуд |
| loss of weight | потеря веса |
| loss of consciousness | потеря сознания |
| loss of taste sense | потеря вкусовых ощущений |
| malaise | недомогание |
| memory loss | потеря памяти |
| nausea | тошнота |
| nervousness | нервозность |
| pain | боль |
| palpitation | учащенное сердцебиение |
| paroxysm | приступ |
| pressure | давление |
| pulselessness | отсутствие пульса |
| pus | гной |
| rash | сыпь |
| resistance | устойчивость, сопротивляемость |
| runny nose | насморк |
| shortness of breath | нарушение дыхания (недостаточность) |
| shuffling walk | шаркающая походка |
| sneeze | чихать |
| sore throat | фарингит, ангина |
| soreness | болезненность |
| spot | пятно |
| swelling | опухание, припухлость |
| tachycardia | тахикардия, учащенное сердцебиение |
| tachypnea | учащенное дыхание |
| tightness | напряженность, скованность |
| tiredness | усталость |
| trembling of the limbs | дрожание конечностей |
| vesiculation | образование пузырьков |
| vomiting | рвота |
| weakness | слабость |
| wheeze | одышка |
2. Прочтите характеристики заболеваний и заполните таблицу:
| DISEASE (ILLNESS) | SYMPTOMS | INFECTIOUS |
| Influenza | fever, malaise, muscular aches | ü |
| Allergic rhinitis | an inflammation in the nasal passage and eyes, allergic reaction to flowers or dust |
Influenza. An infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract, with fever, malaise and muscular aches. It is transmitted by a virus and occurs in epidemics.
Rubella.A common infectious viral disease of children, with mild fever, swollen lymph nodes and a rash. It can cause stillbirth or malformation of an unborn baby if the mother catches the disease while pregnant.
Coryza. An illness, with inflammation of the nasal passages, in which the patient sneezes and coughs and has a blocked and running nose.
Varicella. An infectious disease of children, caused by a herpes virus, and characterized by fever and red spots which turn to itchy blisters.
Rubeola. An infectious disease of children where the body is covered with a red rash. It can weaken the body's resistance to other disease, especially bronchitis and ear infections. If caught by an adult it can be very serious.
Infectious parotitis. An infectious disease of children, with fever and swellings in the salivary glands, caused by a paramyxovirus.
Pertussis. An infectious disease affecting the bronchial tubes. It is common in children and sometimes very serious. The patient coughs very badly and makes a characteristic 'whoop' when inhaling after a coughing fit.
Allergic rhinitis. An inflammation in the nasal passage and eyes. It is caused by an allergic reaction to flowers, their pollen and scent, as well as to dust.
Epilepsy. A disorder of the nervous system in which there are convulsions and loss of consciousness due to disordered discharge of cerebral neurons.
Parkinson's disease. A slow, progressive disorder of elderly people, it affects the parts of the brain which control movement. The symptoms include trembling of the limbs, a shuffling walk and difficulty in speaking.
Tuberculosis. An infectious disease in which infected lumps form in the tissue. Its commonest form is infection of the lungs, causing patients to lose weight, cough blood and have a fever. It is caught by breathing in germs or by eating contaminated food, especially unpasteurized milk.
Cystic fibrosis. A hereditary disease of the pancreas or mucoviscidosis, in which there is a malfunction of the exocrine glands. Symptoms include loss of weight, abnormal faeces and bronchitis. If diagnosed early, it can be controlled with vitamins, physiotherapy and pancreatic enzymes.
Cholera. Serious bacterial disease spread through food or water. The infected person suffers from diarrhoea, cramp in the intestines and dehydration. The disease is often fatal.
Diphtheria. A serious, infectious disease of children. Its first symptoms are a sore throat, followed by a slight fever, rapid pulse and swelling of the glands in the neck. A fibrous growth like a membrane forms in the throat and can close the air passages. The disease is often fatal, either because the patient is asphyxiated or because the heart becomes fatally weakened.
Cerebral palsy. A disorder of the brain, mainly due to brain damage occurring before birth or due to lack of oxygen during birth. The patient may have bad coordination of muscular movements, impaired speech, hearing and sight, and sometimes mental retardation.
Gastroenteritis. Inflammation of the membrane lining the intestines and the stomach, caused by a viral infection, and resulting in diarrhea and vomiting.
3. Подберите к каждому патологическому явлению описание соответствующих симптомов из правой колонки.
| Gastric ulcer | a | Rectal discomfort, repeated urges to defecate, painful diarrhea with passages of blood, mucus, and pus. |
| Proctitis | b | Vague, barely troublesome ache; it may rapidly become a severe, intense precordial erasing sensation. The pain may radiate to the left shoulder and down the inside of the left arm, even to the fingers. It may radiate straight through to the back, into the throat, the jaws, the teeth, and occasionally even down the right arm. |
| Angina pectoris | c | Eating causes pain. |
| Congestive heart failure (CHF) | d | The symptoms range from transient redness to severe swelling with bulla formation; itching and vesiculation are common. Any part of the skin that comes in contact with a sensitizing or irritating substance may be involved. |
| Bronchial asthma | e | Itching, pain, a foul-smelling discharge, loss of hearing (if the auditory canal becomes swollen or filled with purulent debris). The skin of the external auditory canal appears red, and littered with moist purulent debris. |
| Contact dermatitis | f | Heart failure may be predominantly left- or right-sided, may develop gradually, or may appear suddenly with acute pulmonary edema. Early manifestations of left ventricular failure include undue tachycardia, fatigue with exertion, dyspnea with mild exercise, and intolerance to cold. These symptoms may be important early clues. In advanced failure severe cough is a prominent symptom. |
| External otitis | g | An attack may begin acutely with paroxysms of wheezing, coughing, and soreness of breath, or insidiously with slowly increasing symptoms and signs of respiratory distress. In either case, the patient usually first notices the onset of dyspnea, tachypnea, cough, and tightness or pressure in the chest, and may even notice wheeze. |