Proposition of value speech
1. Attention Step
The first part of the attention step is, obviously, to get the audience's attention. Then, you must establish the value of whatever the subject is (for example, a college).
2. Need Step
This step, using the criteria (values) listed in the attention step, lists the disadvantages found, for example, at a large university. Mind that you should mention each of the qualities enumerated in the step above.
Proposition (the thing favored by the speaker is better/more effective/more useful than another one, for example, a small private college vs a large university)
3. Visualization Step
For each of the disadvantages in the need step, you should state a corresponding advantage found in the thing you favor, for example, at a small private college.
4. Action Step
This step summarizes the advantages discussed in the VIZ step.
Proposition of fact speech
1. Attention Step
The initial step deals with the history of the subject.
2. Need Step
As the main idea of such a speech is to clear up misconceptions held by the audience, in this step you will list some of them (usually they can be based on legends, stereotypes, or prejudices). At this point, it is profitable to show these misconceptions on a chart, using two or three words each. But you should not develop these misconceptions not to strengthen the audience’s point of view.
Proposition (I am going to prove that something/somebody is/was…
3. Satisfaction Step
This step satisfies the proposition by proving that misconceptions are just that – misconceptions. They are wrong. There are three types of proof, and you can use any or all of them in disproving each misconception:
· Statistics
· Expert opinion states the credentials of the person upon whose opinion you are going to rely in proving your point.
· Historical proof often deals with an occurrence in the past that, human nature being what it is, is likely to happen in the future; or conversely, something that today’s scientists know to be true and is used to explain something that happened in the past.
4. Action Step
In this step, you will summarize your rebuttals to misconceptions that appear in the satisfaction step. You are not particularly trying to sell the audience the product; you are merely seeking for their agreement.
| Proposition of policy speech | Proposition of value speech | Proposition of fact speech |
| 1. Attention Step | 1. Attention Step | 1. Attention Step |
| 2. Need Step | 2. Need Step | 2. Need Step |
| Proposition | Proposition | Proposition |
| 3. Satisfaction Step | 3. Visualization Step | 3. Satisfaction Step |
| 4. Visualization Step | 4. Action Step | 4. Action Step |
| 5. Action Step |
Thus, construction of the persuasive speech is quite easy. All you have to do is write down your proposition, decide which of the three types it is, and then organize the speech based on the examples given.
Note for the format.There are two variants to layout main points and subpoints in the outline for a persuasive presentation.
| Variant I | Variant II |
| Need Step. Main point A. Subpoint B. Subpoint | Need Step. I. Main point A. Subpoint B. Subpoint II. Main point A. Subpoint B. Subpoint |
Sample Speech Outlines
Proposition of policy
Showing 3D movies should be limited in Ukraine
General purpose: to persuade
Specific purpose:to persuade the audience that watching 3D movies is dangerous for people’s health and their screening should be limited.
Proposition: In order to solve all the mentioned problems, showing 3D films in Ukraine should be limited.
Introduction
Attention step: Have you ever watched or wanted to watch a 3D movie? I am sure that everybody at least thought about it.
A 3-D (three-dimensional) film is a motion picture that enhances the illusion of depth perception. Derived from stereoscopic photography, a special motion picture camera system is used to record the images as seen from two perspectives and special projection hardware or eyewear are used to provide the illusion of depth when viewing the film.
3D technology is becoming more and more popular in Ukraine and all over the world nowadays. There are 16 3D cinemas in the biggest cities in Ukraine now and 2 will be opened in the nearest future. Moreover, Sergiy Boiko, the head of “Volya” company, said in the interview to “BussinesLigaInform” that 3D television will appear in Ukraine in next few years.
Need step:Despite the fact that 3D movies are very popular in our country, almost nobody knows how dangerous they are.
A. People who wear 3D glasses may experience discomfort such as dizziness, nausea, and headaches.
B. An adaptation process to normal conditions after the viewing may be difficult and long, which may cause injury.
C. There are strict limitations on the movie audience, but they are not known by the majority of viewers.
Proposition: In order to solve all the mentioned problems, showing 3D films in Ukraine should be limited.
Transition: What could be done to tackle the problem
Body
Satisfaction Step:There are several steps to undertake to deal with this dangerous situation.
A. We should refuse the idea of buying 3D TV-sets for home using.
B. It is necessary to collect signatures of people, who support the idea of limiting 3D industry in Ukraine, and address them to the Ministry of Health.
Besides a number of diseases, there may also be a hygiene risk. The Italian Ministry of Health says that reused 3D glasses may cause outbreaks of herpes on the forehead. It confiscated 7000 pairs of 3D glasses from theatres, including the Vatican IMAX theatre; but speaking about our country, I should say there is no... almost NO reaction to this problem from the Government.
C. Definite categories of people (e.g., children, pregnant women, infirm persons, persons with heart issues) should be clearly informed about the possible danger of their visiting 3D cinemas.
Transition: Let me now stress the way these measures can positively affect the situation
Visualization Step: If showing 3D movies is limited in Ukraine, it’ll give us an opportunity to maintain both physical and mental health.
A. The health of the nation will not be affected by the harmful consequences of watching 3D films.
B. Producers of films will pay more attention to the quality of the plot than to special effects.
Conclusion
Action step: So, if we want to have healthy and strong nation, we have to worry about the services we are offered. There are three steps for everybody in achieving this goal: not to watch 3D films, persuade other people to do the same and sign up the petition in order to limit showing 3D films in Ukraine. A famous journalist Kostiantyn Hrubych always says in his TV-program Sign of Quality “We are Ukrainians, so we deserve the best!”.
Therefore, I appeal to your interest in your future and want you to sign a petition at http://www.petitionspot.com/petitions/stop3d/ to support the idea of limiting uncontrolled development of 3D technologies.
SOURCES
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-D_film
2. http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1034353
3. http://www.newsmarket.com.ua/2010/11/10029546/v-ukrayini-z-yavitsya-3d-telebachennya
4. http://www.computingunleashed.com/danger-of-3d-displays.html
5. http://www.crunchgear.com/2010/06/19/a-guide-to-3d-display-technology-its-principles-methods-and-dangers/
6. http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/5069247-the-first-avatar-victims-in-taiwan-one-man-dead-after-sawing-hollywood-movie-of-avatar
Proposition of Value
Let’s Play Anachronism!
General purpose: to persuade.
Specific purpose: to persuade my audience that people who pass their leisure time playing board games have more benefits than those who prefer computer and Internet life.
Proposition: Board games is an alternative way to spend your free time not only without ruining your external and internal life but also with great benefits.
Introduction
Attention step: Board games were staple forms of entertainment in ancient civilizations. Nowadays the situation has changed. We can assume that playing board games has lost its popularity because of strong alternatives: at first, it was TV, now – a personal computer which offers a lot of possibilities: receiving up-to-date information, communicating with people all over the world, entertaining, and what not. So, computers have almost replaced the board games in everyday life. You can blame me for choosing an overused topic to speak: “Everybody knows that board games are useful, it’s obvious”. Everyone agrees, but only a few of us really play games instead of sitting near the monitor.
Transition: Let’s enumerate the reasons why people could refuse passing their free time near the computer
Need step:
I. People who work constantly with a computer really think that their free time is free; good time to think about the health.
A. Staring at the monitor all day and especially all night causes many problems with eyesight.
B. Sitting near the computer in the wrong position has bad influence on the posture, causes problems with all systems of organs, even with metabolism.
C. Computers do everything instead of people which causes memory impairment and other problems of your mental health.
II. The popularity of social networks to spend free time causes great problems in everyday real-life communication.
A. Psychological problems in families are based on the lack of communication.
B. The results of overusing the internet can be substituting real friends with virtual ones.
III. Using a computer the whole day influences your financial health negatively as well.
A. You’re obliged to pay for the electricity.
B. Playing video games is an expensive entertainment.
Proposition: Board games is an alternative way to spend your free time not only without ruining your external and internal life but also with great benefits.
Transition: What are the advantages of preferring these games in our high-tech world?
Body
Visualization step:
I. Board games are a good way to improve mental and psychological health.
A. Board games don’t affect the eyesight due to their size, colors and the materials they are made of.
B. Board games improve memory and develop problem solving skills, confidence and logical reasoning.
C. Board games prevent people from such diseases as dementia, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. (results of New England Journal of Medicine’s researches )
D. Board games, especially for children, help to enhance reading, counting, and coordination skills.
II. Playing board games is a great way to socialize, to learn how to interact in the society, to improve the relationships with family and friends.
A. There are games that model specific situations and real-life problems to solve help children to know more about “adult” life (“Monopoly” or “Life”)
B. Board games serve as a means of rebuilding relationship with members of your family.
C. Playing board games could be a way of overcoming Internet addiction and communicative troubles connected with it.
III. Choosing board games instead of video games in your day time you will save money.
A. Board games are “eternal” (especially classical wooden), you buy it once.
B. Playing board games instead of sitting glued to the monitor, you save the electricity and related costs.
Transition: Let’s shortly summarize our findings
Action step: Now you see how board games work for someone who prefers it to the computer and Internet. You’ve learned about different bonuses to your health, social life and personal development. I don’t want my words to remain just words “Board games are better”. I want you to experience it yourselves. I have been working as a board games trainer for almost three years; I’m teaching people how to play them. It’s one of the most popular games in the world, called Mangala, or Kalaha. (showing) Let’s play it after the period!
Sources:
1. Advantages Of Board Games //http://boardgames.about.com/
2. http://www.online-bg.net/
3. The Amazing Health Benefits of Board Games for Adults as Well as Kids // http://www.sixwise.com/newsletters/06/11/29/the-amazing-health-benefits-of-board-games--for-adults-as-well-as-kids.htm
Proposition of Fact