Ex.1. Complete the following sentences with an appropriate modal verb form
1. You _____ be joking. The house is not worth that much.
2. It’s not a good time to visit Italy. The weather ______ be awful at this time of the year.
3. She _____ be ill; She looks so pale.
4. It _____ be true.
5. You ______ see interesting samples at the exhibition.
6. It ______ be late as the offices are closed.
7. This contract ______ to be profitable.
8. It’s impossible. It ______ be the correct answer.
9. She ______ be at home. I saw her in the office 10 minutes ago.
10. I ______ have some new information for you tonight.
11. He has been working all day. He ______ be very tired.
12. There ______ be another rise in the price of sugar soon.
13. He _____ get this job. He has got all the necessary qualifications.
14. I am not sure whether I can help you. I ______ not have enough time.
Ex.2. Translate into English:
1. Не може бути, щоб ви знали всіх її співробітників!
2. Мабуть вона працює над річним звітом.
3. Я не буду заважати тобі. Мабуть у тебе є важливі справи.
4. Я зайду в наш офіс. Бос повинен зараз бути там.
5. Навряд я зможу скласти цей звіт.
6. Бухгалтера немає, він повинен бути у керівництва фірми.
7. Ви напевне затвердите бюджет завтра.
8. Мабуть успіх компанії буде залежати від наполегливої праці кожного з нас.
9. Мабуть вона дуже щаслива. Рада Директорів затвердила її проект.
10. Не може бути, щоб ви ще працювали над бюджетом!
11. Вже 2-га година. Він може повернутися у будь-яку хвилину.
12. Я не знаю достеменно, але лист можливо зараз у неї.
13. Хоча вже й пізно, він, можливо, все ще очікує нашої інформації.
14. Я нічого не чув про нього. Мабуть він де-небудь за кордоном чи вже повернувся до Києва.
Speech and Discussion
Ex.1. Discuss the importance of a budget for the company and the consequences that might result from its absence.
Ex.2. Familiarize yourself with the following idioms, consult your dictionary and translate the sentences into Ukrainian. Think of situations where you could use them:
1. We spent days working on a solution but it led us up a blind alley.
2. I shall sugar the pill by sending John on a week’s paid holiday before I make him redundant.
3. I was offered quite a well-paid job, but the work wouldn’t have been my cup of tea.
4. We need to rethink our plan in light of this new information.
5. With the drop in sales, the company cut the number of employees to the bone.
Ex.3. Comment on the following:
“It is easier to forgive an enemy than a friend.”
(Anonymous)
Lesson 3
Text: Auditing
Grammar: Modal Verbs with the Perfect Infinitive
Terms to remember:
| auditing | ™ | здійснення аудиту; перевірка звітності; ревізування |
| review | ™ | перевірка; перевіряти |
| evaluation | ™ | оцінювання, оцінка; аналіз (даних) |
| audit | ™ | аудит; перевірка, ревізія; аудиторська перевірка фінансових операцій |
| auditor | ™ | аудитор, бухгалтер-ревізор |
| outside/external/independent audit | ™ | зовнішній аудит |
| internal audit | ™ | внутрішній аудит |
| accounting department | ™ | бухгалтерія |
| fiscal affairs | ™ | фінансові справи |
| the standard operating procedures | ™ | стандартні методи роботи |
| books | ™ | бухгалтерські книги |
| accounting records | ™ | бухгалтерські рахунки, документація |
| accurate | ™ | точний, правильний |
| adequate | ™ | що відповідає вимогам, відповідний, компетентний |
| accessible | ™ | досяжний, доступний |
Auditing
Auditing is an accounting function that involves the review and evaluation of financial records of a company. It is done by auditors. These reviews are called audits.
Outside/external audits are a normal and regular part of business practice. In addition, many corporations maintain a continuous internal audit by their own accounting departments. They review operating procedures and financial records and report to management on the current state of the company’s fiscal affairs. The internal auditors make suggestions to management for improvements in the standard operating procedures and check the accounting records.
Independent auditing is done by accountants who are not employees of the organization whose books they examine. The independent accountant is almost always a CPA. Independent accountants review the business’s operating activities; they examine financial statements and the accounting records. An audit can take several days, even for a fairly small company.
Management must act upon the information in the financial records; the auditor ensures that this information is accurate, adequate, and accessible.
Exercises in Word Study
Ex.1. Form nouns from the following verbs:
evaluate, improve, examine, act, inform, organize, manage.