Ex.1. Complete each sentence so that it contains can, must, should, have to, could, may, ought to (including negative forms)
1. You _____ worry about your promotion.
2. You ______ to come in early tomorrow.
3. He is always buying useless things. He _____ make a lot of money.
4. You ______ realise that the company is in serious trouble.
5. Applications ______ be sent before 1 September.
6. All managers _______ report to the Director who is responsible for making decisions.
7. You ______ give up smoking.
8. I think we ______ pay in advance.
9. You ______ disturb the manager while he is working.
10. ______ I use your phone?
11. ______ I stop work early today?
12. ______ I pay him tomorrow?
13. Before you travel to Great Britain, you ______ get a visa.
14. Mary isn’t here. She ______ be drinking coffee in the canteen.
15. You ______ record this interview on tape.
16. You ______ telephone from my office.
17. I _______ buy a fresh newspaper. The boss asked me to get one.
18. She ______ understand what he was doing.
19. This ______ be right. He has certainly made a mistake in translation.
20. She ______ get a rise in salary this month but I am not certain.
21. You _____ work better if you want to finish this work on time.
22. Your manager was very kind to me. I ______ write him a letter of thanks.
23. You ______ do it now, it can wait till later.
24. He _______ pass a special exam to be a CPA.
25. He ______ pay in cash because he had left his credit card in the office.
Ex.2. Complete the sentences with should have …, could have …, may have …, may not have …, needn’t have …, can’t have …, shouldn’t have …,
1. You ____ been here a week ago.
2. He ____ signed that contract. He was on business trip last week.
3. If she needed money, she _____ asked me.
4. “Where is the secretary?” “I don’t know. She _____ gone home.”
5. He ______ got a new job. I’ll phone him tonight.
6. She hasn’t come. But she _____ got your message.
7. You _____ made that speech in front of an audience; nobody appreciated it.
8. You really ______ informed your employer of those changes!
9. The delegation ______ arrived yet.
10. You _____ warned him. Why didn’t you?
11. He _____ spoken to the Personal Manager. I’ve already spoken to him.
12. You ______ bought that house.
13. I _____ borrowed him money. It was my mistake.
14. He ______ invested all the money. I am sure he hasn’t.
Speech and Discussion
Ex.1. Discuss with your groupmates the functions of money. Do you feel it is the best means of exchange? Why or why not?
Ex.2. Speak about your attitude to money. Do you spend all your money? Do you save any money?
Ex.3. Interview your groupmate. Find out how careful he/she is with money.
Ex.4. Familiarize yourself with the following idioms. Consult your dictionary and translate the sentences into Ukrainian. Think of situations where you could use them:
1. He is a whale at accounting.
2. We came to terms on the contract and signed it.
3. My partner is honest; you can set store by his promise.
4. The basic financial plan was approved, but the accountants met to iron out the wrinkles that remained.
5. For my money, this project will be very profitable.
Ex.5. How good or bad are you with money? Read the questionnaire and think about your answers.
1. When you get a present of money (e.g. for your birthday), how much of it do you save?
a) all of it
b) most of it
c) some of it
d) none of it
2. How many of the following things did you buy last month?
Jeans, a CD, a computer game, a T-shirt
a) none of them
b) some of them
c) most of them
d) all of them
3. When you go out with your friends, how much money do you take with you?
a) none
b) not very much
c) quite a lot
d) all the money I have
4. If you see two things in a shop you really like, do you buy?
a) neither of them
b) one of them
c) sometimes both of them
d) always both of them
5. Someone asks you to give something to a charity that you like, how much money do you give?
a) none
b) a little
c) quite a lot
d) all the money I’ve got with me
Results
Mainly “a” answers: You are completely moneywise. Congratulations!
Mainly “b” answers: You are pretty good with money. Keep trying!
Mainly “c” answers: You are a big spender. Take care!
Mainly “d” answers: You have a hole in your pocket.
Ex.6. Comment on the following:
“Money spent on the brain, is never spent in vain”
(Proverb)
Lesson 2
Text: Types of Banks
Grammar: Comparison of Adjectives
Terms to remember:
| banking | ™ | банківська справа |
| be engaged in (v) | ™ | займатися |
| Central bank | ™ | Центральний банк |
| the Federal Reserve System (the Fed) | ™ | Федеральна резервна система |
| commercial bank | ™ | комерційний банк |
| accept deposits (v) | ™ | приймати депозити (вклади) |
| make a loan (v) | ™ | одержати позику, надавати позику |
| manage customers’ accounts (v) | ™ | вести рахунки клієнтів (у банку) |
| merchant bank | ™ | торговельний банк |
| investment bank | ™ | інвестиційний банк |
| savings bank | ™ | ощадний банк |
| savings account | ™ | ощадний рахунок |
Types of Banks
A bank is an institution that deals in money and provides other financial services. Banks are at the heart of any financial system.
Banking is the business a bank is engaged in.
There exist different types of banks but their names may vary from one country to another.
Central banks such as the National Bank (Ukraine), the Bank of England (UK) or the Federal Reserve System (US) look after the government’s finance and monetary policy, act as bankers for the state and for commercial banks, manage a country's reserves of gold and foreign currencies, and are responsible for issuing banknotes.
Commercial banks deal directly with the public. They offer a wide range of services such as accepting deposits, making loans and managing customers’ accounts. The aim of commercial banks is to earn profit.
Merchant banks don’t deal with the public. They provide services for companies. They specialize in raising capital for industry, arranging flotations, takeovers and mergers, and investment portfolios.
Investment banks are firms that control the issue of new securities (shares and bonds).
Savings banks are financial institutions that specialize in providing services such as savings accounts as opposed to general banking services.
Exercises in Word Study
Ex.1. Form nouns from the following adjectives:
banking, financial, national, governmental, commercial, profitable, industrial, monetary.
Ex.2. Give the English for:
установа, яка має справу з грошима; надавати фінансові послуги; банківська справа; Національний банк України; піклуватися про монетарну політику; відповідати за емісію грошей; комерційний банк; приймати депозити; надавати позику; заробляти прибуток; торговельний банк; придбання контрольного пакета акцій; злиття (підприємств); інвестиційний банк; ощадний банк; ощадний рахунок.
Ex.3. Match words from list A with words from list B that have a similar meaning:
| A | B |
| savings account make a loan engage in exist vary look after public earn manage an account | service an account get money by working take care of differ people be be involved in extend a loan thrift deposit |
Ex.4 Find suitable opposites to the following words and phrases:
definite; to control; to lose profit; commercial banks; withdrawal.