What is the disturbance of acid-base balance develops under ketoacidotic coma?

A. Metabolic alkalosis.
B. Metabolic acidosis.
C. Respiratory acidosis.
D. Respiratory alkalosis.
E. Norm.

What type of disorder of acid-base balance develops in hyperosmolar non-acidotic coma?
A. Metabolic alkalosis.
B. Metabolic acidosis.
C. Respiratory acidosis.
D. Respiratory alkalosis.
E. Norm.

What type of disorder of acid-base balance develops in hypoglycemic coma?A. Metabolic alkalosis. B. Metabolic acidosis. C. Respiratory acidosis. D. Respiratory alkalosis. E. Norm.

The patient M., 67 years old in a coma. Diabetes mellitus type II for 8 years. Last 2 weeks was observed polyuria, polydipsia.

Serum glucose level - 30 mmol/l, pH of arterial blood - 7,3, plasma osmolarity - 350 mosm/l. The diagnosis: diabetic hyperosmolar coma. What is the basic pathogenetic mechanism of coma?

A. Dehydration.
B. Hypocoagulation.
C. Hyponatremia.
D. Increased tubular reabsorption.
E. Increased glomerular filtration.

How does the level of blood electrolytes may change under ketoacidotic coma?

A. Sodium is in the norm, potassium is low.
B. Sodium and potassium are in the norm.
C. Sodium is in normal, elevated potassium.
D. Increased sodium, potassium decreased.
E. Sodium and potassium increased.

The patient has decompensated respiratory acidosis. Which parametr of acid-base balance will change under this conditions?

A. Reduction of concentration of true hydrocarbonats in blood (AB).
B. Increased index of buffer bases (BE).

C. Increase the parameter of partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (ρCO₂).
D. Increasing the amount of buffer bases (BB).
E. Arterial blood pH above 7.44.

Which of the options listed below corresponds to the normal value of ABB?
A. pH = 7.34; ρCO₂ = 70 mmHg, BE = + 6.
B. pH = 7,6; ρCO₂ = 30 mmHg, BE = - 2.
C. pH = 7.1; ρCO₂ = 45 mmHg, BE = - 15.
D. pH = 7.4; ρCO₂ = 28 mmHg, BE = - 10.
E. pH = 7.36; ρCO₂ = 40 mmHg, BE = +1.

What is the mechanism for compensation of metabolic acidosis?
A. Reducing excretion of carbon dioxide by the lungs.
B. Hyperventilation.
C. Increasing of partial pressure of carbon dioxide.
D. Increased bicarbonate excretion by the kidneys.
E. Reduced excretion of chlorides.

Indicate which of the options presented are deviations acid-base equilibria corresponding metabolic alkalosis?
A. pH = 7.36; ρCO₂ = 70 mmHg, BE = +6.
B. pH = 7,6; ρCO₂ = 28 mmHg, BE = -2.
C. pH = 7.15; ρCO₂ = 42 mmHg, BE = -15.
D. pH = 7.55; ρCO₂ = 45.8 mmHg, BE = +15.
E. pH = 7.4; ρCO₂ = 39 mmHg, BE = +1.

The patient has a previous diagnosis: "decompensated metabolic alkalosis. Which option of acid-base balance is characterize this situation?
A. Reduced blood pH.
B. Reducing the parametr of partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (ρCO₂).
C. Growth excess buffer bases (BE).
D. Reduced of buffer bases (BB).
E. Reduction of plasma standard bicarbonate (SB).

Specify how to manifest lack of water in the body.

A. Increasing the volume of plasma.
B. Increased renal blood flow.
C. Stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
D. Reduced osmolarity of plasma.
E. Reduced concentration of serum proteins.

At what concentration of glucose in the blood may appear in the urine if kidneys work properly?

A.10.5 mmol / l
B. 3.3 mmol / l
C. 12 mmol / l
D. 1.5 mmol / l
E. 8.5 mmol / l

What is the concentration of glucose in the blood responsible to renal threshold? A. 13.5 mmol / l B. 3.3 mmol / l C. 12 mmol / l D. 1.5 mmol / l E. 8.5 mmol / l

The patient M., 38 years old, unconscious. Reflexes are absent. Blood glucose level is 2.1 mmol / l. In history: diabetes for 20 years. What is in coma patient?
A. Laktatacidemic.
B. Ketoacidemic.
C. Hypoglycemic.
D. Hypoosmotic.
E. Hypoglycemic.

Which symptom is not specific for diabetes:
A. Polydipsia.
B. Polyuria.
C. Ketonemia.
D. Hypolipidemia.
E. Glucosuria.

The patient N., 21 years old, delivered by ambulance. With mother's words, last month daughter thin, there were abdominal pain, vomiting, increased thirst. The patient is unconscious, the skin is pale gray, dry, muscles turgor is reduce, pupils are narrowed. Breathing is noisy and deep, the smell of acetone in breathed air. Heart beat is weak.

Pulse is 92 beats / min, rhythmic. Arterial pressure is 80/50 mm Hg column. Blood glucose is 19 mg / l. What is the immediate situation of the patient?
A. Hyperglycemic, ketoacidemic coma.
B. Hyperglycemic, nonacidemic (hypoosmotic) coma.
C. Hepatic coma.
D. Hypoglycemic coma.
E. Lactoacidemic coma.