Education, Exercise and Good Nutrition
How many times have you gone to sleep at night, swearing you’ll go to the gym in the morning, and then changing your mind just eight hours later because when you get up, you don’t feel like exercising?
What people need to realize is that staying active and eating right are critical for long-term health and wellness - and that an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.
The more you know about how your body responds to your lifestyle choices, the better you can customize a nutrition and exercise plan that is right for you. When you eat well, increase your level of physical activity, and exercise at the proper intensity, you are informing your body that you want to burn a substantial amount of fuel. This translates to burning fat more efficiently for energy.
In other words, proper eating habits plus exercise equals fast metabolism, which, in turn gives you more energy throughout the day and allows you to do more physical work with less effort.
Proper diet forms the basis of man's vitality, vivacity, and longevity. Healthy eating does not mean giving up all your favorite foods, it's all about choosing foods wisely, preparing meals in a healthier way.
Well-balanced diet is the key to good health. Aim to eat food from each following food groups each day:
- Starchy foods-bread, rice, pasta, potatoes, cereals, etc.
- Dairy products- cheese, milk, yogurt, etc.
- Meat, Poultry- fish, and alternatives including lentils beans, nut products, and eggs.
- Vegetables and Fruits- broccoli, carrots, apples, strawberries, etc.
Eating a variety of foods from each of these group should ensure that your body gets all the necessary vitamins and minerals you need and will help you maintain a healthy well balanced diets.
The true purpose of exercise is to send a repetitive message to the body asking for improvement in metabolism, strength, aerobic capacity and overall fitness and health. Each time you exercise, your body responds by upgrading its capabilities to burn fat throughout the day and night. Exercise doesn’t have to be intense to work for you, but it does need to be consistent.
Life Time Fitness recommends engaging in regular cardiovascular exercise four times per week for 20 to 30 minutes per session, and resistance training four times per week for 20 to 25 minutes per session. This balanced approach provides a one-two punch, incorporating aerobic exercise to burn fat and deliver more oxygen, and resistance training to increase lean body mass and burn more calories.
Here’s a sample exercise program that may work for you:
v Warm Up -- seven to eight minutes of light aerobic activity intended to increase blood flow and lubricate and warm-up your tendons and joints.
v Resistance Training -- Train all major muscle groups. One to two sets of each exercise. Rest 45 seconds between sets.
v Aerobic Exercise -- Pick two favorite activities, they could be jogging, rowing, biking or cross-country skiing, whatever fits your lifestyle. Perform 12 to 15 minutes of the first activity and continue with 10 minutes of the second activity. Cool down during the last five minutes.
v Stretching -- Wrap up your exercise session by stretching, breathing deeply, relaxing and meditating.
When starting an exercise program, it is important to have realistic expectations. Depending on your initial fitness level, you should expect the following changes early on.
v From one to eight weeks -- Feel better and have more energy.
v From two to six months -- Lose size and inches while becoming leaner. Clothes begin to fit more loosely. You are gaining muscle and losing fat.
v After six months -- Start losing weight quite rapidly.
Once you make the commitment to exercise several times a week, don’t stop there. You should also change your diet and/or eating habits. Counting calories or calculating grams and percentages for certain nutrients is impractical. Instead, Life Time Fitness suggests these easy-to-follow guidelines:
- Eat several small meals (optimally four) and a couple of small snacks throughout the day.
- Make sure every meal is balanced -- incorporate palm-sized proteins like lean meats, fish, egg whites and dairy products, fist-sized portions of complex carbohydrates like whole-wheat bread and pasta, wild rice, multigrain cereal and potatoes, and fist-sized portions of vegetable and fruits.
- Limit your fat intake to only what’s necessary for adequate flavor.
- Drink at least eight 8-oz. glasses of water throughout the day.
- Take a multi-vitamin each day to ensure you are getting all the vitamins and minerals your body needs.
 |
12. Write down the questions to the text and ask the students in your group to answer them.
1) When ………?
2) Why ………?
3) How ………?
4) What ………?
5) Who ………?
 |
13. Speak on the problem of "Healthy Way of Life".
14. Read the text and say if you are a happy person.
25 WAYS TO A HAPPIER LIFE
1) Love yourself. Almost no one is satisfied with the way he or she looks. Most of us are not the size and shape of the models we see on TV or in magazines. Remember that you are you and you are unique.
2) Be yourself. You cannot be 'cool' all the time. And who determines what's cool? The advertising companies? MTV? The happiness found from following the crowd is not lasting. Don't sacrifice yourself to be with someone who doesn't respect you, or care about you (you don't deserve it!)
3) Believe in yourself— if you don't, how can you expect others to?
4) If you set yourself goals, always set goals that you can reach. Then you can always set another goal later. If you have done enough, then award yourself for it. Smile at your face in the mirror and say: "I did great today". Say it three times and mean it.
5) Learn the power of colour. Blue is calming, red gives you energy, orange makes you more optimistic, turquoise makes you less shy and more confident in yourself.
6) Believe dreams can come true; it's the first step on the road to making them happen.
7) Learn to say 'No'. If you really don't want to do something, say so. If this is difficult for you, say 'This isn't easy, but I have to say no.'
8) Eat breakfast. People who make time for it are slimmer and healthier.
9) Exercise! It's really worth the time and effort it takes! Exercise is fun. It strengthens your muscles. It is a good way of meeting people and making friends. It helps to get rid of pent-up emotions and anger and it can lift your mood.
10)If you are not used to exercise, here are some tips for you:
— When you have to walk somewhere, walk faster.
— Walk up stairs instead of taking a lift.
— Walk short distances rather than catching the bus or train.
11)Beware of watching too much television, and look out for the 'couch potato' syndrome.
12) Once on, the TV can be difficult to turn off.
13) Get eight hours sleep a night — you'll feel and look better for it.
14) Feeling low? Try talking to someone you trust and respect — perhaps a friend or a parent. Play happy music or read a poem out loud. Try doing a crossword. Or simply take a nap. Just 10 minutes of sleep can improve your mood. Reading something really gripping can also help.
15) Write down five things you really enjoy doing. When did you last do them? Make plans to do them soon.
16) Expect to fail, sometimes. It happens to everyone, no matter how successful. The important thing is to learn some useful lesson from your disappointments.
17) Learn the power of positive speaking — sounding optimistic makes you feel that way. Don't say: "It's not as bad as it looks." Do say: "It's better than it seems."
18) Worried about something? What advice would you give your very best friend? Take that advice yourself.
19) Don't buy anything new that doesn't look better than your favourite thing in your wardrobe.
20) Be social. People with friends live longer than loners.
21) The secret of small talk? When someone speak to you, look them in the eye, give them a full answer, then ask them a question in turn. Easy!
22) Join something — a sports club or a drama society. People who feel involved are more optimistic and more successful.
23) Our furry friends make us much happier. They love us and accept us for what we are.
24) Crying is an important way of getting rid of stress-generated chemicals that would otherwise build up in your body.
25) Feeling shy? There's absolutely nothing wrong with being shy. But it wouldn't hurt to make an effort to be more social. Practise telling a couple of good jokes. Then you are never at a loss for something funny to say.
26) Remember some words of wisdom:
— Life is what you make of it.
— If you want to be happy for life, love what you do.
— There is no time like the present.
— The shortest distance between two people is a warm smile and a good laugh.
— Humour adds years to your life and life to your years.
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 1
ПРАВИЛА ЧТЕНИЯ
СВОДНАЯ ТАБЛИЦА ЧТЕНИЯ СОГЛАСНЫХ
| Буква и буквоcо четание | Звук | Положения в слове | Примеры |
| b | [b] | bus, but, about, better, butter | |
| bt | [t] | в конце слова | debt, doubt |
| с | [s] | перед е, i, у | face, city, cinema, cycle, since |
| [k] | в остальных случаях | cap, cat, cut, cry, copy, clock capital, come, close | |
| [∫] | перед безударной гласной | ocean, social, special, racial | |
| сс | [ks] | перед е, i, у | accept, success, accent, accident |
| [k] | в остальных случаях | occur, accord, accomplish, accumulate, occupy, occasion | |
| ch | [t∫] | chess, rich, cheese, chopmuch | |
| tch | match, kitchen, watch, catch | ||
| ch | [k] | в словах греческого происхождения | school, architect, chemistry, character, archiology, technical |
| [∫] | в словах французского происхождения | machine, machinery, machinist | |
| ck | [k] | black, sick, back, pack, neck | |
| d | [d] | date, made, end, decide, old | |
| [-] | перед согласными | grandmother, handsome, handkerchief | |
[d  ]
| bridge, knowledge, judge, siedge | ||
| f | [f] | five, if, finish, face, family | |
| ften | [fn] | often, soften | |
| g | [d ]
| перед е, i, у | page, change, gymnasium, stage |
| [g] | в остальных случаях | go, get, green, grey, grow | |
| gh | [-] | после au, ou и перед t | weight, eight, bought, brought, fought, daughter |
| [f] | после au, ou | laugh, enough, cough | |
| [n] | в начале и в конце слова | foreign, sign, campaign | |
| h | [h] | he, his, here, have, home | |
| [-] | в начале и середине некоторых слов | hour, honour, honest, exhibition | |
| j | [d ]
| just, major, object, subject | |
| k | [k] | kill, keep, Mike, kitchen, like | |
| kn | [n] | в начале слова | know, knee, knife, knock |
| l | [l] | lake, late, light, listen, leg | |
| [-] | в сочетаниях alm, alf, alk | talk, calm, half, chalk | |
| m | [m] | miss, meal, seem, team, home | |
| mb / mn | [m] | в конце слова | climb, bomb autumn, column |
| n | [n] | never, number, nobody, next | |
| ng | [ŋ] | в конце слова | sing, song, interesting, thing |
| nk | [ŋk] | drink, bank, ink, tank, thank | |
| p | [p] | pen, pencil, pupil, publish, top | |
| ph | [f] | в словах греческого происхождения | phone, physics, philosophy, philologist, symphony, phase |
| qu | [kw] | queen, question, quick, quite | |
| [k] | в словах французского происхождения | unique, technique | |
| r | [r] | red, ready, rain, sorry, mirror | |
| s | [s] | в начале слова и после глухих согласных | see, sea, son, sun, stand, stop, maps, cats, books, hats, caps |
| но: [∫] | sugar, sure | ||
| [z] | после звонких согласных и гласных | pens, bags, days, girls, boys | |
| между гласными | these, cheese, please, nose, rose | ||
| ss | [s] | class, pass, success, kiss, miss | |
| [∫] | перед безударными ia, io | Russian, Belorussian | |
| ssion | [∫n] | session, discussion, comission | |
| sion | [ n]
| в конце слова | decision, conclusion, revision |
| sure | [ ə]
| pleasure, treasure, leisure | |
| sh | [∫] | she, ship, fish, short | |
| sc | [s] | переде, i, у | science, scientist, scene, scenery |
| sten | [sn] | listen, fasten | |
| stle | [sl] | whistle, wrestling | |
| t | [t] | ten, twenty, table, sit, teeth | |
| th | [θ] | thing, thank, three, tooth | |
| [ð] | this, those, with, without | ||
| tion | [∫n] | demonstration, revolution, dictation, translation, attention | |
| ture | [t∫ə] | picture, future, lecture, culture, nature, feature, furniture | |
| v | [v] | live, leave, voice, move, vase | |
| w | [w] | win, want, water, wind, twins | |
| wh | [w] | when, where, why, what, which, | |
| wh+o | [h] | who, whom, whose, whole | |
| wr | [r] | wrong, write, writer, wrestling |
СВОДНАЯ ТАБЛИЦА ЧТЕНИЯ ГЛАСНЫХ
| Буква буквосочетание | Звук | Положение в слове | Примеры | Исключения |
| a | [ei] | в открытом слоге | place, came, late | [æ] have, atom |
| [e] any, many | ||||
| [æ ] | в открытом слоге некоторых двусложных слов с буквой i в заударном слоге | habit, rabit, vanish | ||
| [æ ] | в закрытом слоге | land, fact, carry | [a:] example | |
[  :]
| перед i + согласная, кроме m, f | also, talk, salt | [æ] rally, shall | |
| [a:] | в некоторых словах перед n + согласная | answer, France, can't, chance | ||
| [a:] | перед s, f +согласная | class, draft, ask | [æ ] classic, mass | |
| [ei] | перед ste, nge | taste, danger, change | ||
| [a:] | перед th | father, path, rather | [æ] gather | |
| [o] | после w, qu в ткрытом | water, quarter, war | [ei] wage, wake, | |
| слоге и перед r | wane | |||
| [o] | в закрытом слоге | was, want | [æ]wag, wax | |
| ai, ay | [а] | aim, aid, may | [e] says, said | |
| air | [εə] | air, pair, chair | ||
| al | [a:] | перед f, m | calm, palm, half | |
| ar | [a:] | в закрытом слоге | car, part, garden | |
| [εə] | в открытом слоге | care, careful | [a:] are | |
| au, aw | [o:] | cause, law | [a:] aunt | |
| аu | [a:] | перед gh(t) | laugh | |
| augh | [o:] | перед t | daughter | |
| e | [i:] | в открытом слоге | we, Pete, eve | [e] very, edit, medal |
| [e] | в закрытом слоге | get, settle, fell | ||
| еа | [i:] | не перед d, th | tea, peace, meat | [e] deaf, heavy, peasant [ei] break, great |
| [e] | перед d, th, lth | bread, breath, dead death, head | [iə] idea, real | |
| [i:] beneath | ||||
| ear | [iə] | clear, hear, near | ||
| [ə:] | перед согласной | earth, heard | [a:] heart | |
| [iə] beard | ||||
| ее | [i:] | green, free | ||
| ееr | [iə] | deer, engineer | ||
| ei | [i:] | после с, s | ceiling, conceive | |
| еу, ei | [ei] | convey, grey | [i:] key | |
| eigh | [ei] | eight, neighbour | [ai] freight, height | |
| еr | [ə:] | в закрытом слоге | term, person | [a:] clerk |
| еre | [iə] | в открытом слоге | here | [ə:] were |
| [εə] there, where | ||||
| eu, ew | [ju:] | Europe, feud | ||
| i | [ai] | в открытом слоге | fine, life, time | [i] give, live |
| [i] | в закрытом слоге | sit, little, written | ||
| [i] | в открытом слоге с i или у в безударном | civil, city, limit | [ai] tiny | |
| [ai] | перед ld, nd | bind, find, child | [i] wind (ветер) | |
| [i] | в словах французского происхождения | machine, police, prestige, regime | ||
| [-] | после u | cruise, fruit, juice | [ai] guide [i] guilty | |
| ie | [i:] | перед согласной | achieve, brief | [e] friend |
| ig(h) | [ai] | sigh, high, night | ||
| ir | [ə:] | в закрытом слоге | shirt, bird, firm | |
| ire | [aiə] | в открытом слоге | fire, tired | |
| o | [ou] | в открытом слоге | no, note, home | [u:] do, move |
| [ ] gone, body
| ||||
| [o] | в закрытом слоге | hot, bottom | ||
| [ou] | перед l+ согласная | old, cold, folk | ||
| [o] | перед m, n, v, w, th | another, above among, come, done, govern, won, none, Monday | ||
| [ou] | перед st | most, post | [ ] coat, frost
| |
| оа | [ou] | boat, coat, float | [ :] broad
| |
| oar | [o:] | board, coarse | ||
| oi, oy | [oi] | boil, soil, boy | ||
| oo | [u] | перед k | book, look, cook | |
| [u:] | в конце слова и перед i, m, n | too, tool, moon | ||
| oor | [uə] | moor, poor | ||
| or | [ :]
| в закрытом и открытом слогах | for, order, port, morning | |
| [ə:] | после w | word, work, world | [ :] worn
| |
| ou, ow | [au] | round, sound, cow | ||
| ou | [Ù] | в некоторых словах, в том числе в словах французского происхождения | double, country, couple, courage | |
| [u:] | group, rouble, soup | |||
| ou | [Ù] | перед gh | enough, rough. tough | [au] plough [ou] though |
| [ou] | перед l | shoulder | ||
| ough | [o:] | перед t | bought, brought | |
| our, ower | [auə] | our, power | ||
| ow | [аu] | в середине слова | down, now town | |
| [ou] | в конце слова | grow, know, low | ||
| u | [ju:] | в открытом слоге | use, student, future | [i] busy, [Ù] study |
| [u:] | в открытом слоге после j, l, r | June, include, rule,true | ||
| [Ù] | в закрытом слоге | bus, subject, current | ||
| [u] | в закрытом слоге после b, f, p | bullet, bush, full, pull, push, put | ||
| ue | [(j)u:] | в конце слова под ударением | blue, clue, due | |
| ui | [ju:] | suit | suite [swi:t] [-] guide, guilty [ju:i] suicide, tuition | |
| [u:] | перед j, i, r | cruise, fruit, juice | [ui] ruin, fluid | |
| ur | [ə:] | в закрытом слоге | burn, curl, turn | |
| [juə] | pure, cure | |||
| [uə] | в открытом слоге | sure, surely | [e] bury | |
| u | [-] | после g перед ударной гласной | guarantee, guard, guilty, guess, guide | |
| y | [ai] | в открытом слоге | by, type, cycle | |
| [i] | в закрытом слоге | myth, system | ||
| [j] | перед гласной | yoke, beyond | ||
| yr | [ə:] | в закрытом слоге | Myrch, myrtle | |
| [aiə] | в открытом слоге | tyrant, tyre |
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 2
СВОДНАЯ ТАБЛИЦА ВРЕМЕН
SIMPLE
| Present | Past | Future | |
| + | V / Vs | Ved / II ф.гл. | will + V |
| - | 
| did not V / I ф. гл. | 
|
| ? | 
| did + N+V / I ф. гл. | will + N + V |
| Wh? | 
| 
| 
|
CONTINUOUS
| Present | Past | |
| + | 
| 
|
| - | 
| 
|
| ? | 
| 
|
| Wh? | 
| 
|
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 3
СВОДНАЯ ТАБЛИЦА НЕСТАНДАРТНЫХ ГЛАГОЛОВ
| Infinitive | Past Simple | Participle II | Перевод |
| arise | arose | arisen | возникать |
| awake | awoke | awoke | будить, просыпаться |
| be | was, were | been | быть |
| bear | bore | born | рождать |
| beat | beat | beaten | бить |
| become | became | become | становиться |
| begin | began | begun | начинать(ся) |
| bend | bent | bent | гнуть(ся), сгибать(ся) |
| bind | bound | bound | связывать |
| bite | bit | bitten | кусать |
| blow | blew | blown | дуть |
| break | broke | broken | ломать |
| breed | bred | bred | выводить, разводить |
| bring | brought | brought | приносить |
| build | built | built | строить |
| burn | burnt | burnt | гореть, жечь |
| burst | burst | burst | разрываться |
| buy | bought | bought | покупать |
| cast | cast | cast | бросать, кидать |
| catch | caught | caught | ловить, схватывать |
| choose | chose | chosen | выбирать |
| clind | clung | clung | прилипать, цепляться |
| come | came | come | приходить |
| cost | cost | cost | стоить |
| creep | crept | crept | ползать |
| cut | cut | cut | резать |
| deal | dealt | dealt | иметь дело |
| dig | dug | dug | копать |
| do | did | done | делать |
| draw | drew | drawn | тащить; рисовать |
| drink | drank | drunk | пить |
| eat | ate | eaten | есть |
| fall | fell | fallen | падать |
| feed | fed | fed | кормить(ся) |
| feel | felt | felt | чувствовать |
| find | found | found | находить |
| fly | flew | flown | летать |
| forbid | forbade | forbidden | запрещать |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | забывать |
| freeze | froze | frozen | замерзать,замораживать |
| get | got | got | получать |
| give | gave | given | давать |
| go | went | gone | идти, ехать |
| grind | ground | ground | точить; молоть |
| grow | grew | grown | расти, выращивать |
| hang | hung, hanged | hung, hanged | висеть, вещать |
| have | had | had | иметь |
| hear | heard | heard | слышать |
| hide | hid | hid, hidden | прятать |
| hit | hit | hit | ударять, поражать |
| hold | held | held | держать |
| hurt | hurt | hurt | повредить, ушибить |
| keep | kept | kept | держать, хранить |
| know | knew | known | знать |
| lay | laid | laid | класть |
| learn | learnt, learned | learnt, learned | учиться |
| leave | left | left | оставлять; уезжать |
| let | let | let | позволять; сдавать внаем |
| lie | lay | lain | лежать |
| light | lit | lit | зажигать, освещать |
| lose | lost | lost | терять |
| make | made | made | делать; заставлять |
| mean | meant | meant | значить, подразумевать |
| meet | met | met | встречать |
| pay | paid | paid | платить |
| put | put | put | класть |
| read | read | read | читать |
| ride | rode | ridden | ездить (верхом) |
| ring | rang | rung | звонить, звенеть |
| rise | rose | risen | подниматься |
| run | ran | run | бежать |
| saw | sawed | sawn | пилить |
| see | saw | seen | видеть |
| sell | sold | sold | продавать |
| send | sent | sent | посылать |
| set | set | set | помещать, ставить; заходить (о солнце) |
| shake | shook | shaken | трясти |
| shine | shone | shone | сиять, светить |
| shoot | shot | shot | стрелять |
| show | showed | shown | показывать |
| shrink | shrank | shrunk | сморщиваться,сокращаться |
| shut | shut | shut | закрывать |
| sing | sang | sung | петь |
| sink | sank | sunk | погружаться, тонуть |
| sit | sat | sat | сидеть |
| sleep | slept | slept | спать |
| slide | slid | slid | скользить |
| smell | smelt | smelt | пахнуть |
| sow | sowed | sown | сеять |
| speak | spoke | spoken | говорить |
| speed | sped | sped | спешить; ускорять |
| spell | spelt | spelt | писать или произносить слова по буквам |
| spend | spent | spent | тратить |
| spill | spilt | spilt | проливать |
| spin | span | spun | прясть |
| split | split | split | раскалывать(ся) |
| spoil | spoilt, spoiled | spoilt, spoiled | портить |
| spread | spread | spread | распространять(ся) |
| stand | stood | stood | стоять |
| stick | stuck | stuck | приклеивать(ся) |
| sting | stung | stung | жалить |
| strike | struck | struck | ударять; бастовать |
| strive | strove | striven | стремиться |
| sweep | swept | swept | мести |
| swell | swelled | swollen | пухнуть, раздуваться |
| swim | swam | swum | плавать |
| swing | swung | swung | качать(ся), размахивать |
| take | took | taken | брать |
| teach | taught | taught | обучать, учить |
| tear | tore | torn | рвать |
| tell | told | told | рассказывать |
| think | thought | thought | думать |
| throw | threw | thrown | бросать |
| understand | understood | understood | понимать |
| wake | woke | woken | будить, просыпаться |
| wear | wore | worn | носить |
| win | won | won | выигрывать |
| wind | wound | wound | заводить; виться |
| write | wrote | written | писать |
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 4
СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ
1. Продуктивные способы словообразования.Продуктивными способами словообразования в современном английском языке являются: суффиксация, префиксация, конверсия, словосложение.
С У Ф Ф И К С А Ц И Я
2. Суффиксация –это способ образования новых слов путем прибавления суффикса к основе слова, например: teach – teach-er, cardiology – cardiolog-ist.
Суффиксы служат не только для образования новых слов, как write – writ-er, но и являются средством оформления различных частей речи: существительных (dry – dri-ness), прилагательных (silk – silk-y), глаголов (bright – bright-en), наречий (nice – nice-ly).
3. Суффиксы имен существительных. Продуктивные суффиксы, которые служат для образования существительных, обозначающих лицо или предмет:
| Суффикс | Исходная форма | Перевод | Образованное слово | Перевод |
| - er/-or | lead build elect act indicate | руководить строить избирать играть (на сцене) указывать | lead-er build-er elect-or act-or indicat-or | руководитель строитель избиратель актер индикатор |
| - ist | science tour social | наука совершать поездку общественный | scient-ist tour-ist social-ist | учёный турист социалист |
| - ess | poet lion actor | поэт лев актер | poet-ess lion-ess actr-ess | поэтесса львица актриса |
Продуктивные суффиксы, образующие абстрактные существительные:
| Суффикс | Исходная форма | Перевод | Образованное слово | Перевод |
| - ing | read train | читать тренировать | read-ing train-ing | чтение тренировка |
| - ism | patriot hero | патриот герой | patriot-ism hero-ism | патриотизм героизм |
| - ness | hard conscious | твердый сознательный | hard-ness conscious-ness | твердость сознательность |
| - ship | friend | друг | friend-ship | дружба |
| - man | police | полиция | police-man | полицейский |
Малопродуктивные суффиксы, которые образуют существительные, обозначающие деятеля или лиц различных национальностей:
| Суффикс | Исходная форма | Перевод | Образованное слово | Перевод |
| - ent - ant | correspond inhabit | переписываться населять | correspond-ent inhabit-ant | корреспондент житель |
| - err/-ier | engine finance | машина финансы | engin-eer financ-ier | инженер финансист |
| - ese | Japan | Япония | Japan-ese | японец |
| - ian/-an | mathematics America | математика Америка | mathematic-ian Americ-an | математик американец |
| - ling | hire duck | нанимать утка | hire-ling duck-ling | наемник утенок |
Малопродуктивные суффиксы, которые образуют абстрактные существительные, обозначающие состояние, признак:
| Суффикс | Исходная форма | Перевод | Производное слово | Перевод |
| - age | mile leak | миля течь, проса- чиваться | mile-age leak-age | расстояние в милях просачивание, течь |
| - ance - ence - al | assist differ deny renew | помогать различаться отрицать обновлять | assist-ance differ-ence deni-al renew-al | помощь различие отрицание обновление |
| - dom | free martyr | свободный мученик | free-dom martyr-dom | свобода мученичество |
| - hood | brother child | брат ребенок | brother-hood child-hood | братство детство |
| - (i) ty | final | окончательный | final-ity | окончательность |
| - ics - y | - - | - - | mathemat-ics phys-ics mechan-ics geolog-y biolog-y geograph-y | математика физика механика геология биология география |
| - ment | move develop | двигать развивать | move-ment develop-ment | движение развитие |
| - tion | exhibit | выставлять | exhibit-ion | выставка |
| - ation | limit repeat | ограничивать повторять | limit-ation repeti-tion | ограничение повторение |
| - sion | conclude | заключать | conclu-sion | заключение |
| - ess | wait | ждать | waitr-ess |
4. Суффиксы имен прилагательных. Производные имена прилагательные образуются главным образом от существительных и глаголов (иногда от прилагательных).
| Суффикс | Исходная форма | Перевод | Производное слово | Перевод |
| - able/ - ible | change respond | изменять отвечать | chang-able respons-ible | изменчивый ответственный |
| - al | region experiment | район эксперимент | region-al experiment-al | районный экспериментальный |
| - an - ed | Russia Africa approve depress | Россия Африка одобрять подавлять | Russia-an Afric-an approve-ed depress-ed | русский африканский одобренный подавленный |
| - ful - ic | forget peace beauty economy | забывать мир красота экономика | forget-ful peace-ful beauti-ful econom-ic | забывчивый мирный красивый экономический |
| - ish | Swede Briton black red boy | швед британец черный красный мальчик | Swed-ish Brit-ish black-ish redd-ish boy-ish | шведский британский черноватый красноватый мальчишеский |
| - less | hope limit meaning wood | надежда предел смысл лес | hope-less limit-less meaning-less wood-less | безнадежный беспредельный бессмысленный безлесный |
| - en - y - ous - ese - ant/-ent - ive | wood wool luck fame Japan differ compete | древесина шерсть удача слава Япония различать соревноваться | wood-en wool-en lucky famous Japanese different competitive | деревянный шерстяной удачный известный японский различный конкурентный |
5. Суффиксы глаголов. Производные глаголы образуются обычно от существительных и прилагательных.
| Суффикс | Исходная форма | Перевод | Производное слово | Перевод |
| - ate | origin | происхождение | origin-ate | происходить |
| - en | bright tight red | яркий тугой красный | bright-en tight-en redd-en | осветиться затянуть покраснеть |
| - i (fy) | solid pure beauty | твердый чистый красота | solid-ify pur-ify beauti -fy | твердеть очищать украшать |
| -ize/-ise | mineral organ collective | минерал орган коллектив | mineral-ize organ-ize collectiv-ise | минерализировать организовывать коллективизировать |
6. Суффиксы наречий. Единственный продуктивный суффикс, с помощью которого образуются наречия от прилагательных, это суффикс-ly.
| Суффикс | Исходная форма | Перевод | Производное слово | Перевод |
| - ly | quick soft strong | быстрый мягкий сильный | quick-ly soft-ly strong-ly | быстро мягко сильно |
| - ward | sea south back | море юг задний | sea-ward south-ward back-ward | в направлении моря к югу назад |
| - fold | two ten | два десять | two-fold ten-fold | вдвое вдесятеро |
Как видно из приведенных примеров, суффиксы участвуют в образовании слов как внутри одной части речи (engine - engineer), так и в образовании слов, принадлежащих к разным частям речи (soft – прилагательное; softly – наречие, softness – существительное; soften - глагол).
Префиксация –это образование новых слов прибавлением префикса к основе слова. В отличие от суффиксов, которые часто служат для образования новой части речи, префиксы обычно образуют новые слова внутри одной и той же части речи (pleasant приятный, unpleasant неприятный).
Префиксы можно классифицировать по их лексическому значению, а именно: префиксы, придающие словам отрицательное или противоположное значения, выражающие предшествование или последовательность, повторность и т.д.
Продуктивные префиксы