HISTORY, CULTURE AND TRADITIOND OF UKRAINE
UKRAINE
1. Ukraine is the one of the largest independent states in Europe.
2. It has a population of 48 million. Ukraine is divided into 24 regions called “oblast” and the Republic of the Crimea.
3. It borders on Poland, Belarus, Russia, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Moldova.
4. The Dnieper is the largest and most important river.
5. The other long rivers are the Dniester and the Southern Buh.
6. There are also the Carpathians and Crimean mountains.
7. The main part of the territory are plains.
8. The country has various mineral resources.
9. The capital of Ukraine is Kyiv.
10. It is a political, administrative, economic, scientific, and cultural center of the country.
11. Ukraine is an industrial and agriculture country.
12. One of the most important branches of national economy is power industry.
13. There are many public libraries, museums, cinemas, theatres, secondary and higher schools in the country.
14. Ukraine has a democratic political system.
15. It is a parliamentary presidential republic.
16. The people of Ukraine elect the President for a five-year term.
17. The executive power belongs to the Parliament.
18. The President is the head of the state.
19. Ukraine's Parliament called The Verkhovna Rada is the nation's legislative body.
20. Ukraine was proclaimed as an independent state on the 24th of August in 1991.
21. That day became a national holiday and is called the Day of Independence.
22. Ukraine is a member of the United Nations Organization.
23. The Ukrainian people are proud of their country.
UKRAINE
Ukraine is one of the largest European countries. Its total area is 603700 square kilometres. In the south Ukraine is washed by the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov.
The population of Ukraine is about 48 million people. The territory of Ukraine has an astonishing variety of landscapes. We have high mountains, vast valleys, endless forests, beautiful rivers and lakes. Ukraine has 131 rivers, among them is the Dnieper with its tributaries such as the Desna, the Prypyat, the Dnister, the Bug and the Donets. 95% of Ukraine is flat and the rest is mountainous. The Ukrainian Carpathians and the Crimean Mountains make up the remaining 5% of its area.
The flora and fauna of our country are extremely rich. Almost all kinds of animals and birds can be found on the territory of our land. Ukraine possesses enormous tracts of woodland, vast tracts of fertile arable lands and fine postures.
Our country has many industrial raw materials, it has rich deposits of iron, metals, coal, oil, gas, different ores, marble and other natural resources.
Ukraine’s industry includes metal making, mechanical engineering, power engineering, chemical production, mining, aircraft engineering and the automobile industry.
The biggest cities of Ukraine are Kyiv, Lviv, Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Odesa, etc.
On the 24th of August in 1991 Ukraine became an independent state. Nowadays Ukraine is a sovereign, independent, democratic, social, legal state. The powers of the government are divided into three branches – the legislative, the executive and the judicial.
Executive. Under the 1996 constitution, the president is head of state. The president is elected by direct majority vote for a term of five years and may serve no more than two consecutive terms. The president appoints the Prime Minister and, under the advice of the Prime Minister, also appoints the Cabinet of Ministers. The Prime Minister is head of government and is responsible for carrying out its policies.
Legislative. The legislative (Verkhovna Rada, or Supreme Court) consists of a single chamber of 450 deputies elected for four-year terms. Among its prerogatives, the legislature has the right to change the constitution, pass laws, confirm the budget, and impeach the president.
Judicial. The highest court is the Constitutional Court, which is charged with protecting and interpreting the constitution. The president, the legislature, and a conference of judges each appoint six of the court’s 18 members. The Supreme Court is the highest appeals court for nonconstituional issues. A Supreme Judiciary Council, consisting of 20 members, deals with the removal of judges.
UKRAINE
Ukraine is one of the largest countries in Europe. There are 24 administrative regions and the Republic of Crimea in Ukraine. The position of Ukraine is very favourable to the development of its relations with the other countries of Europe, as well as with the countries throughout the world. It borders on the Russian Federation, Belarus, Moldova, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary and Romania.
95% of Ukraine is flat and the rest of it mountainous. Ukraine is washed by the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, and it has very important ports. The major rivers are the Dnieper, the Dniester and the Buh.
It is one of the largest agricultural countries. It also has metallurgical and heavy industries. Scientists of Ukraine make a great contribution to world science. The Academy of Science of Ukraine includes many scientists and research workers famous for their discoveries and inventions.
Ukraine has an ancient history. It has its own culture and arts. The country has mane professional theatres and Philharmonic societies. The national Symphony Orchestra of Ukraine, the Hryhory Viryovka Ukrainian People’s Choir, the “Dumka” State Honored Choir, the Honored Bandore Players Choir, the Dance Company of Ukraine are known all over the world.
During recent years the people of Ukraine have displayed a keen interest in Ukrainian history and its cultural and artistic heritage. Many names and masterpieces have been revived.
Now Ukraine is establishing new relations with countries throughout the world. It is making direct contacts with them, is signing agreements and treaties. Ukraine is one of the founder members of the United Nations Organization and participates in the work of many international organizations.
UKRAINE
1.Ukraine is a rich farming, industrial and mining region in south-eastern Europe.
2.It is an independent democratic state.
3.Its population is about 52 mln people.
4.The capital of Ukraine is Kiev.
5.Ukraine have its own-armed forces, and maintain its own diplomatic relations with foreign countries.
6.Ukraine covers about 603.700-sq. km being larger than any country in Western Europe.
7.From east to west Ukraine stretches for more than 1300 km and from north to south for almost 900 km.
8.It borders with Belarus and Russia on the north and on the east.
9.In the south it is bounded by the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov.
10.In the west Ukraine is bounded by Moldova, Rumania, Hungary, Slovakia and Poland.
11.Ukraine is in ideal geographical position for the development of its resources, lying between 440 and 520 latitude north, on the same latitude as the USA, Britain.
12.The climate is mild and warm, with a long summer and a short winter.
13.Together with its fertile black soil, this makes it ideal for the development of intensive agriculture.
14.The main part of Ukraine is located in the watershed of the Dnieper-River, which divides Ukraine into two parts: Right-Bank and Left-Bank Ukraine.
15.Ukraine's proximity to the Black Sea and the presence of large navigable rivers running through its territory has promoted the development of trade and culture.
16.The Black Sea is not only a means of communication with Transcaucasia and Turkey but also with the rest of the world through the Mediterranean Sea.
17.Ukraine also lies on the Danube, and this gives it access to European countries.
18.Through the Siversky Donets it has access to the Don.
19.The territory of Ukraine is criss-crossed by railroads and highways, oil and gas pipelines and high-voltage transmission lines - all of which ensure close economic ties with Eastern and Western Europe.
20.Ukraine is a highly industrialised country, whose economic potential is great.
HISTORY, CULTURE AND TRADITIOND OF UKRAINE
1. Ukraine has a long history which goes back to the remote past.
2. The term Ukraina first appeared in the chronicles in the 12th century.
3. This was the name for the southern lands of the ancient Kyiv Rus.
4. The history of Ukraine reflects different stages of its historical development, numerous periods of its prosperity and decay.
5. For a long period our country lived under the rule of the Tatar-Mongols, the Turks, Poland, Lithuania and Russia.
6. Only in 1991 Ukraine became a sovereign and independent state.
7. On August 24 1991 Ukraine was proclaimed independent democratic state.
8. Ukraine has its own original culture and arts.
9. Ukraine has given the world many brilliant names in literature and art.
10. The names of Taras Shevchenko, Lesya Ukrainka, Mikhailo Kotsyubinsky are known in the whole world.
11. Ukrainian opera singers are warmly received in many countries of the world.
12. Ukraine takes an active part in the world cultural process.
13. Ukrainian orchestras, singers, ballet-masters visit different countries every year.
14. Ukraine has many professional theatres and philharmonic societies.
15. They are well-known not only in our country but all over the world.
16. Ukrainian culture is also famous for its rich and ancient traditions.
17. One of such traditions is to decorate homes with green tree branches and fragrant herbs on the Trinity.
18. Summer holiday known as Saint Kupala is full of magic and ritual.
19.On the 19th of August vegetables, fruits, mushrooms and honey are blessed.
20. But there are very many other interesting traditions in our country.