Medical Education in Great Britain
In Great Britain physicians are trained in medical schools or faculties of universities.
To enter a medical school in Great Britain the candidates must pass entrance examinations in oral form. Tuition is charged. Most students receive financial assistance in the form of grants.
The academic year is divided into 3 terms each of 10-11-week duration.
Two pre-clinical years are occupied by Human Anatomy, Biology, Physiology, Biochemistry and other subjects.
Students attend lectures, do dissections and practical work in labs.
Beginning from the third year, students study the methods of clinical examinations and history taking; they have practical training in teaching hospitals. Besides the work in the wards the students attend lectures and study clinical subjects.
After passing the finals the students are given the degree of Bachelor of Medicine (B.M.) or Bachelor of Surgery (B.S.). Besides these degrees there is the degree of Doctor of Medicine (D.M.). This degree is a post graduate qualification obtained by a thesis.
Exercises
Задание 1. Расскажите на русском языке, что вы поняли, прослушав текст.
Задание 2. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
1. Where are doctors trained in G.B.?
2. What examinations is it necessary to pass?
3. Is education in G.B. charged?
4. How many terms has the academic year?
5. What subjects do the students study?
6. What degrees are given to students in G.B. after passing the finals?
Задание 3. Расскажите на английском языке, чем отличается подготовка врачей в нашей стране и в Великобритании.
Dialogue
Задание 1. Вы беседуете со студентом из Индии. Ответьте на его вопросы в форме диалога на английском языке.
1. Question: Look, I told my parents that I’d like to become a doctor. They advised me to go to Russia. Medical education in Great Britain costs a lot of money. And what about your country?
1. Answer: … .
2. Question: What subjects shall we study in the first two years?
2. Answer: … .
3. Question: What about the clinical subjects?
3. Answer: … .
4. Question: Shall we take examinations every year?
4. Answer: … .
5. Question: Where do the students have medical practice?
5. Answer: … .
6. Question: When shall we begin our specialization?
6. Answer: … .
7. Question: When do the graduates receive their diploma?
7. Answer: … .
8. Question: Where do foreign students live?
8. Answer: … .
ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ
1. Выполните лабораторную работу по теме в лингафонном кабинете.
2. Выучите новые слова и выражения по теме.
3. Переведите тексты темы на русский язык.
4. Составьте план пересказа темы на русском языке (используйте графологическую структуру к теме).
5. Подготовьте пересказ и диалог по теме на английском языке.
6. Подготовьтесь к участию в беседе по ситуационным задачам к теме.
Тема 4. Путешествие
TRAVELLING
Задание 1.Запомните произношение следующих слов:
1. ancient
2. art
3. nothing
4. bath
5. hour
6. through
7. luggage
8. quickly
9. advantage
10. berth
11. picturesque
12. that is why
Задание 2.Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания. Повторяйте их за диктором:
1. ancient towns древние города
2. means of transport транспортные средства
3. as quickly as possible как можно быстрее
4. to book in advanсе заказать заранее
5. single ticket билет в один конец
6. return ticket билет «туда и обратно»
7. to go through the Customs пройти таможню
8. to fasten seat belts пристегнуть ремни
9. advantage преимущество
10. It's not boring не скучно
11. upper berth верхнее спальное место
12. gate выход на посадку
13. checking-in регистрация
14. you are required вам надлежит
15. to announce объявлять
16. delay on the flight задержка на рейс
17. to see off провожать
18. long distance train поезд дальнего
следования
19. compartment купе
20. carriage вагон
21. to get out выходить
22. to carry luggage нести багаж
23. to change the train сделать пересадку
Задание 3. Прослушайте текст. Постарайтесь понять его содержание:
TRAVELLING
Millions of people all over the world spend their holidays travelling. They travel to see other countries, modern cities or the ruins of ancient towns.
Some people like to go to a big city and spend their time visiting museums and art galleries, other people prefer a quiet holiday by the sea or in the mountains.
There are various means of transport. If you want to get somewhere as quickly as possible, the best way is to travel by plane. It gives you comfort and saves your time. It's better to book tickets in advance. You may book a single, return or open return ticket. When booking a ticket you should mention what class you are going to travel: first, business or economy class. Keep in mind, you have to come to the airport one and a half hour before the flight. Before boarding the plane you should check-in (register) your luggage at a check-in desk. Here you are required to have your luggage weighed and a clerk attaches a special tag to it. There is no need to worry about your luggage any longer.
Then you must go through the security check, passport and Customs control (when you go abroad). Now you may go to the gate, where your flight is boarding.
It often happens that a delay on a flight is announced. In this case you have to wait till you hear the announcement that your flight is boarding.
When the plane is taking off, the passengers fasten their seat belts and listen to the information about the flight. An air-hostess (stewardess) offers you mineral water, juice, or something to eat. You may look down on the earth. It’s like a geographical map. The time passes quickly. The plane usually arrives at the airport on time.
Travelling by railway is slower than by plane but it has its advantages. You can see the countryside around you, read books or magazines, play chess or cards. It's not boring if you have good companions in the compartment. I'm fond of travelling by fast long-distance train. It has got a lot of carriages, a dining-car, and a luggage van. I prefer an upper berth. When the train goes out, I say «Good bye» to my friends and relatives who usually come to see me off. When the train comes in, I get out and ask the porter to carry my luggage. I’m not tired after a long journey by train.
Travelling by car and hitch-hiking are the cheapest and most popular ways of travelling.
As for me I like to spend my days off in the country, closer to nature. I can drive a car and enjoy picturesque places with forests, lakes and rivers. I am fond of fishing and hunting that’s why I walk a lot. In summer we often go camping. I think it is a very useful thing for my health.
Exercises
Задание 1. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста.
1. Do many people spend their holidays travelling?
2. What means of transport do you know?
3. Do you often go camping?
4. To what places do you usually go?
5. Have you ever travelled by air?
6. What are the advantages of travelling by plane?
7. When did you travel by train?
8. Do you prefer a lower or an upper berth in the compartment?
9. Was your last journey pleasant?
Задание 2. Составьте вопросы, используя вопросительные слова, данные в скобках:
1. My friend is fond of hiking. (who)
2. He often goes camping in spring and summer. (when)
3. Last year during my winter vacation I travelled by train. (when, how)
4. I look forward to seeing many interesting places. (who, what)
5. We had an opportunity to visit many interesting places last year. (who, what)
6. We spent five days in Riga. (how many)
Задание 3. Заполните пропуски необходимыми по смыслу словами и словосочетаниями:
1. You may take a single, return or … ticket.
2. You may travel by … or economy class.
3. Before boarding the plane you are required … your luggage at a … desk.
4. There is no need … about your luggage.
5. … is the cheapest way of travelling.
6. Some people prefer to take … berth.
7. I am fond of … and … .
8. I can drive … .
9. I think … is a very useful thing for people’s health.
10. The plane usually arrives at the airport … .
Текст на аудирование
Задание 1. Повторяйте за диктором слова и словосочетания. Запомните их значение:
1. cockney горожанин (простолюдин)
2. darkness темнота
3. slap шлепок, пощечина
4. to emerge появиться
5. a bleeding nose кровотечение из носа
6. a swollen eye припухший глаз
7. to hit ударить
8. to play a trick сыграть с кем-либо шутку
9. the back of the hand тыльная сторона ладони
Задание 2. Прослушайте текст. Постарайтесь понять его содержание.
What Happened While the Train Was in the Tunnel?
In the compartment of a train travelling through the countryside, there were four people — a young girl, an old lady, an army officer and a young cockney. Suddenly the train went into a tunnel: for half a minute the carriage was in complete darkness and in the darkness came the sound of a large kiss followed almost immediately by a loud slap.
When the train emerged and it was light again, everybody saw the officer with a bleeding nose and a swollen eye. The old lady thought that the young girl hit the officer for stealing a kiss.
The young girl thought it was strange that the officer kissed the old lady and not her. The poor officer thought that the cockney kissed the girl and the girl hit him. And the cockney laughed silently at the trick he had played. «I’m a clever chap,» he thought to himself. «I kissed the back of my hand, hit the officer in the face and nobody said a word».
Задание 3. Найдите предложения, не соответствующие содержанию прослушанного текста:
1. Which of the following is not true?
a) Both the kiss and the slap were in complete darkness.
b) As soon as the train left the tunnel there was a kiss and then a slap.
c) The kiss was followed by the slap.
d) The slap followed the kiss.
2. What actually happened in the tunnel?
a) The young lady hit the officer because he dared to kiss her.
b) The officer kissed the old lady and she hit him.
c) The cockney kissed the girl and the girl hit the officer.
d) The cockney kissed the back of his hand and hit the officer in the face.
3. Why did the cockney hit the officer?
a) He hated officers.
b) He wanted to kill the officer.
c) 
Не accidentally hit the officer.
d) He wanted to play a joke.
4. How did the four passengers react to what happened in the tunnel?
a) Everybody except the cockney was at a loss — they didn't really know what had happened.
b) Nobody noticed it.
c) There was a scandal as soon as the train emerged out of the tunnel.
d) Everybody liked the situation.
5. Who was surprised at the thought that the officer kissed the old lady?
a) The cockney.
b) The old lady.
c) The young lady.
d) Everybody.
The Dialogues
Задание 1. Прослушайте диалоги. Воспроизведите их в парах:
In the plane
Stewardess:–May I have your seat number? It’s given in your boarding pass.
Passenger: – Here you are.
Stewardess: – This way, please. Your seat is over there third row on the right, next to the porthole. You may put your hat and raincoat on the rack.
Stewardess: (to passengers) – Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seatbelts and refrain from smoking.
(Some hours later)
Stewardess: – How are you? Quite comfortable? Enjoying the flight?
Passenger: – Yes, thanks. When do we get to London?
Stewardess: – We should touch down shortly after 3, very soon.
At the booking office
- I want a ticket to Moscow, please. Which train must I take?
- If I were you, I should take the 9 a.m. train.
- Do I have to change anywhere?
- No, no change, it’s a through train.
- Thank you. A ticket to Moscow, please.
- Here it is.
Задание 2. Запомните следующие фразы:
1. What’s it? В чём дело?
2. I’m a stranger here Я здесь приезжий
3. I’m completely lost Я совсем заблудился
4. Can you direct me to…? Вы можете указать мне дорогу к…
5. How can I get to… ? Как мне добраться до …
6. Could I get there by bus? Могу я доехать (добраться) туда на
автобусе?
7. You’d better ask a policeman Лучше спрoсите полицейского
8. You’d better take… Вам лучше сесть на …
9. Keep straight on Продолжайте идти прямо
10. Go straight along this road Идите прямо по этой дороге
11. Go past (the church) Идите мимо (церкви)
12. Take this road Идите по этой дороге
13. Take the next turning Сверните на следующем повороте
14. Take this bus Садитесь на этот автобус
15. Go straight across the square Идите прямо через площадь
16. Turn (to the) right (left) Сверните направо (налево)
17. Get on Садитесь (в транспорт)
18. Get off Выходите
19. Fares, please! Платите за проезд!
20. Do you think I’ll make it? Вы думаете, я успею?
21. How long will it take? Сколько это займёт времени?
22. It’ll take you some (10) minutes На это уйдёт окoло (10) минут
23. It’s within walking distance Туда можно дойти пешком
24. You don’t have to change Вам не надо пересаживаться
Задание 3. Прослушайте следующие диалоги. Воспроизведите их в парах.
In the street
Foreigner: – Excuse me…
Londoner: – Yes, what’s it?
F.: – I’m a stranger here and I’m completely lost. Could you please tell me the way to the Paddington Railway Station?
L.: – I’m going in that direction myself. So I might show you the way.
F.: – Oh, don’t bother… Just explain me the nearest way there, please.
L.: – Well, then you must go down this street, and turn right at the second corner.
F.: – Can I see the station from there?
L.: – Yes, you can. It’s that large three-storied building right across the square.
F.: – Thank you so much. I’m sure I’ll find it now.
Asking the way
Foreigner: – Could you tell me the way to the Paddington Station, please? The underground station, I mean.
Passer-by: – Yes, certainly. Go straight along this road, past the traffic lights and the church…
F.: – Yes.
P.: – And then turn to the right, and keep straight on until you come to more traffic lights…
F.: – Yes.
P.:– Turn left there, and you’ll see the station a little way along on the right hand side of the road.
F.: – I see. I go straight along this road, past the church and the traffic lights.
P.: – Yes.
F.: – And then I turn to the right, I think you said?
P.: – Yes, that’s it. And after that you take the next turning to the left.
F.: – Is it very far?
P.: – No, not really. It’s about a ten minutes’ walk from here.
F.: – Oh, dear. Could I get there by bus?
P.: – Yes, but in this case you must go back a little way. Keep on this side of the road until you come to the bus stop. All the buses from there pass the station.
F.: – Thank you very much.
Задание 4. Составьте диалоги на английском языке по следующим ситуациям:
— Извинившись, обратитесь к прохожему. Скажите, что вы приезжий, спросите, как проехать к Гайд-парку.
— Извинившись, спросите у прохожего, можно ли доехать автобусом до вокзала Виктория.
— Извинившись, спросите у прохожего, сколько займёт времени доехать автобусом до Трафальгарской площади.
— Извинившись, попросите прохожего указать вам ближайший путь до станции метро.