Contamination of drinking water in urban areas
Drinking water - a key factor in human health. In taps city apartments drinking water comes from rivers, reservoirs, lakes, groundwater from depths. Purest - underground (especially deep, artesian) water. But for major cities of the water is not enough.
According to WHO, the water may contain 13 000 toxic substances, water is transferred to 80% of all diseases that the world die each year 25 million people.
In the wild water contains organic and mineral compounds, micro and macro, gases, colloidal particles and living organisms. The main components of drinking water unchanging - bicarbonate, sulfate and calcium, magnesium and sodium. With minerals in water is silicon, fluoride, strontium, zinc, with macro - iron and potassium. The content of these substances shall not exceed the MCL.
Particles of soil and anything that can rot, making the water organic compounds. their diversity is enormous.
For natural water was suitable for drinking, it goes through several stages of cleaning and disinfection at water stations. Methods for cleaning up polluted waters can be grouped into the following groups: mechanical, physical, physical, chemical, physico-chemical, biological, complex.
After mechanical, chemical and physico-chemical methods of wastewater subject to biological treatment (microorganisms) for final wastewater from organic matter. Biological treatment is carried out in biofilters in aeration tanks in biotenkah others.
After cleaning methods defined in the water can be found various viruses and bacteria (dysentery bacteria, cholera germ, pathogens typhoid, polio virus, hepatitis B virus, etc.).. Defuse microorganisms remaining four ways:
Ø heat (boil);
Ø using strong oxidants (eg, chlorine, ozone, potassium permanganate);
Ø influence of ions of noble metals (commonly used silver);
Ø physical methods (using ultraviolet rays or ultrasound).
The issue of Ukraine's population with quality drinking water every year complicated, it becomes more acute. A situation where almost all surface, and in some areas and underground water pollution do not conform to the water sources. Drinking water becomes an active factor in an adverse health effect and the underlying causes of many dangerous mass infectious diseases, including hepatitis A. And as a result of chlorination of drinking water produced organochlorine compounds such as chloroform quantity exceeds 1.5-2 times normal recommended WHO. In addition, drinking water can get other toxic substances: heavy metal ions, phosphorus and sulfur, pesticides, nitrates, nitrites. Lack of effectiveness of the existing water treatment technology demonstrates a high level of morbidity intestinal infections. Generally, today there are about 100 diseases that are "giving" us drinking water.
What kind of water you need to drink to be healthy? Some experts advise to drink boiled water and pooled, others insist on water "silver", because the silver kills microorganisms. But silver - a metal that can accumulate in the human body, including the kidneys. Today we can say that "silver" water is a remedy that can help in treating some diseases only if its use in certain doses and for a short time. As an alternative water use simply unacceptable.
According to the Kyiv City State Administration, the city built and commissioned 25 pavilions byuvetnoyi distribution of artesian water. Water them clean, benign, radionuclides and heavy metals at a depth not included. But about 66% of wells water contains high amount of iron, manganese, hydrogen sulfide, sulfides, sulfates, chlorides, carbonates and other impurities, which, of course, requires further purification of the water. Often artesian water does not meet the requirements for bacteriological parameters. The consequence of uncontrolled and long-term use of water as a drinking may be different diseases in humans - poisoning by heavy metals, nitrates and others. Typically, artesian water is conventionally drinking and can only be an additional source of water supply.
In retail establishments can buy a variety of individual and collective filters for tap water, but only a few are able to make the water safe maximum. Universal filters that can completely purify water from all contaminants do not exist. But nowadays filters are essentials.