Mach the sentences in column A with their equivalents in column B
| A | B |
| 1. Столиця Австралії Канберра – молоде і порівняно невелике місто. 2.Воно було засноване у 20-му сторіччі, і його населення зараз складає близько 260 000 чоловік. 3. Особливого зачарування Канберрі додає штучне озеро, що знаходиться у центрі міста. 4.У західній частині озера знаходиться фонтан висотою 100 м. 5.Це фонтан капітана Кука, одна з основних визначних пам’яток Канберри. 6.Будинок Австралійської Академії наук дуже незвичайний за формою – він схожий на величезну перевернену чашу. | A. A fountain more than 100 metres high is in the western part of the lake. B. The capital of Australia, Canberra, is a young and comparatively small city. C.Special charm is given to Canberra by an artificial lake in the centre of the city. D.It was founded in the 20th century and now has a population of about 260 000 people. E.The building of the Australian Academy of Sciences is quite unusual in form – it is like a huge overturned bowl. F.It is the Captain Cook Fountain, one of the main places of interest in Canberra. |
Complete the sentences using the words in the box.
| Churches million city parliament parks capital 1973 oldest banks new summer busiest year harbor aboriginal ship seaport |
Sydney, Canberra, Adelaide and Brisbane
Canberra is an ______ word. It means "meeting place". Canberra is the _____ of Australia. You can see the _______ House, the National Library, the National Gallery and the Academy of Science there.
Sydney is a very big ______. It is the _______ and largest city in Australia. It is also the capital of ______ South Wales. Over three _______ people live in Sydney. The ______ Olympic Games in the _______ 2000 were in Sydney. Sydney is located in a beautiful _______ called Sydney Harbour. You can see the Sydney Opera House there. It was built in _______ and it looks like a big ______.
Adelaide is called the "City of ______ " because there are a lot of churches there. There are also many nice buildings and ______ in Adelaide.
Brisbane is a big city and a _______ in eastern Australia. Brisbane River flows through Brisbane. The city is situated on both _______ of the river. It is Australia's _______ river port.
Choose the best answer
1. What makes Canberra the country’s national capital?
a)Federal Government; b) Parliament House; c) House of Representative.
2. As at 2010 in terms of population Canberra is ... ?
a) sixth largest Australian city; b) seventh largest Australian city;
c) eighth largest Australian city; d) ninth largest Australian city.
3. Architects Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin who won the international contest for the design of Canberra were from ... ?
a) Chicago; b) New York; c) London; d) Madrid.
4. On 12 March 1913 Canberra was given its name by ... ?
a) Governor-General Lord Denman; b) Prime Minister Stanley Bruce; c) Walter Burley Griffin; d) Lady Denman.
5. The Canberra suburb of Scullin is named after ... ?
a) A WW II General; b) A Former Prime Minister;
c) An Explorer; d) None of These.
6. How old is the history of the city?
a) 1911; b) 1901; c) 1946.
NEW ZEALAND
Auckland [´ͻ:klǝnd] Dunedin [dʌ´ni:dɪn] Ruapehu [ˏru:ǝ´peɪhu:]
Gisborne [´gizbͻ: n] New Zealand [´nju:´zi:lǝnd] Samoan [sǝ´mǝυǝn]
Maori [´maυrɪ] Wellington [´welɪŋtǝn] Polynesian [pɒlɪ´ni:zɪǝn]
Otago [ǝ(υ)´tɑ:ɡǝυ] Taupo [´taυpǝυ] New Caledonia
[´nju:ˏkælɪ´dǝυnɪǝ]
New Zealand (Aotearoa – “land of the long white cloud”) is located in the Southwest Pacific Ocean and consists of two main islands as well as a number of smaller ones. The principal islands are the North and South Islands which are separated by the Cook Strait. North Island has a mountainous center with many hot springs and volcanic peaks while it also contains the country's longest river, the Waikato (makes electricity for New Zealand) and the largest lake, Lake Taupo. South Island is much more mountainous with the Southern
| Official names | New Zealand, Aotearoa |
| Population | 3.9 million |
| Total area | 104,454 sq mi (274,534 sq km) |
| Capital | Wellington |
| Form of government | Constitutional monarchy |
| Head of state and government | Prime Minister |
| Official languages | English, Maori |
| Date of independence | September 26th, 1907 |
| Monetary unit | New Zealand dollar |
| National anthem | God defend New Zealand |
Alps, which has some 350 glaciers, running across the length of the island. In the mountains of the South Island the highest peak is Mt. Cook (3,764 m high). Its opposite in the North Island is Ruapehu (2,795 metres) which is one of several volcanoes still mildly active in the centre of the island. New Zealand is divided into counties. The capital is Wellington. New Zealand belongs among the highly developed countries of the world. The living standard of all the people is considered to be one of the highest in the world. Food processing, machinery and forest industry are the main industries here. New Zealand's prosperity is founded on dairy farming. The currency valid here is New Zealand Dollar.
History.The history of New Zealand dates back at least 700 years to when it was discovered and settled by Polynesians, who developed a distinct Māori culture centred on kinship links and land in the middle of the fourteenth century. The first European explorer to discover New Zealand was Abel Janszoon Tasman on 13 December 1642. From the late 18th century, the country was regularly visited by explorers and other sailors, missionaries, traders and adventurers. In 1840 the Treaty of Waitangi was signed between the British Crown and various Māori chiefs, bringing New Zealand into the British Empire and giving Māori equal rights with British citizens. There was extensive European and some Asian settlement throughout the rest of the century. War and the imposition of a European economic and legal system led to most of New Zealand's land passing from Māori to Pākehā (European) ownership, and most Māori subsequently became impoverished.
From the 1890s the New Zealand parliament enacted a number of progressive initiatives, including women's suffrage and old age pensions. From the 1930s the economy was highly regulated and an extensive welfare state was developed. Meanwhile, Māori culture underwent a renaissance, and from the 1950s Māori began moving to the cities in large numbers. This led to the development of a Māori protest movement which in turn led to greater recognition of the Treaty of Waitangi in the late twentieth century.Foreign policy, which had previously consisted mostly of following Britain or the United States, became more independent.
Culture. The culture of New Zealand is largely inherited from British and European custom, interwoven with Maori and Polynesian tradition. Māori culture has predominated for most of New Zealand's history of human habitation. The distinct values, history, and worldview of Maori are expressed through traditional arts and skills such as haka, tā moko, waiata, carving, weaving, and poi. The concept of tapu (meaning taboo or sacred) is also a strong force in Māori culture, applied to objects, people, or even mountains. However most cultural material consumed in New Zealand is imported from overseas, particularly from Britain and the United States. Because of this and New Zealand's small population, most New Zealand artists, performers and writers struggle to make a living from their art. The New Zealand Historic Places Trust and the Ministry for Culture and Heritage are national bodies that assist with heritage preservation. Most towns and cities have museums and often art galleries, and the national museum and art gallery is Te Papa ('Our Place'), in Wellington.
New Zealand music takes most of the same forms as that of other 'Western' countries, with hip-hop being particularly popular amongst young Māori and Pacific Islanders. Classical music has less popular support, but New Zealand has produced several successful composers and an internationally famous opera singer (Kiri Te Kanawa).
Māori culture is traditionally oral rather than literate, but in recent years Māori novelists such as Duff, Witi Ihimaera and Keri Hulme and poets such as Hone Tuwhare have shown their mastery of European-originated forms. New Zealand's most successful early writers were expatriates such as Katherine Mansfield. From the 1950s, Frank Sargeson, Janet Frame and others had (non lucrative) writing careers while still living in New Zealand. New Zealand cartoonist David Low became famous during World War II for his political satire. Gordon Minhinnick and Les Gibbard were also witty political observers.
New Zealand marks two national days of remembrance, Waitangi Day and ANZAC Day, and also celebrates holidays during or close to the anniversaries of the founding dates of each province. The national anthem, "God Defend New Zealand" is often sung with alternating Māori and English verses. Many citizens prefer to minimise ethnic divisions, simply calling themselves New Zealanders or Kiwis.
Environment.New Zealand has been separated from other landmasses for over 100 million years enabling many ancient plants and animals to survive and evolve in isolation. Animals and plants that exist nowhere else in the world can be seen here. Native species of flower such as the bright red Pohutukawa, the yellow kowhai and the delicate Mount Cook “lily” can be seen in numerous parts of the country. New Zealand is a land of unique birds. In the wildlife of New Zealand one can find many creatures which are not found anywhere else in the world, the most peculiar of which is perhaps a roundish, flightless bird known as the kiwi. It is New Zealand's national bird as well as its symbol.
New Zealand’s long coastline makes in an ideal home for numerous species of sea bird including the majestic royal albatross, gannets and many varieties of penguin. The waters off the coastline teem with fish and plant life and are also the home to whales, seals and dolphins. Virtually all of New Zealand’s native insects and reptiles are not found anywhere else in the world.
Mass media.Like Australia and Canada, ownership of the New Zealand mass media is concentrated in a few groups. Unlike the larger markets, ownership in New Zealand is mostly offshore. Some of the major companies in New Zealand are:
APN – Australasia's largest operator in regional newspapers, radio broadcasting and outdoor advertising, controlling New Zealand's Wilson & Horton
Asper and CanWest Global – the Canada-based newspaper and broadcasting group with major NZ television and radio interests
TVNZ& RNZ– New Zealand public broadcasters for TV and radio
Fairfax – now New Zealand's largest newspaper publisher through acquisition of Murdoch's Independent News Ltd NZ papers in 2003
Granada – broadcast, film and multimedia group
Time Warner – books, music, theme parks, magazines, cable TV
Vocabulary:
coastal plain [ˏkǝυstl´pleɪn] – прибережна рівнина
aborigine [ˏæbǝ´rɪdʒɪni(:)] – абориген, представник корінного населення
earthquake [´ɜ:θkweɪk] – землетрус
volcano [vɒl´keɪnǝυ] – вулкан
hot spring [´hɒt´sprɪŋ] – гейзер
glacier [´ɡlæsɪǝ] – льодовик
county [´kaυntɪ] – округ
machinery [mǝ´ʃi:n(ǝ)rɪ] – машинобудування
forest industry – лісова промисловість
food processing – харчова промисловість
dairy farming –молочне тваринництво
kinship [´kɪnʃɪp] – спорідненість, схожість, подібність,
adventurer [ǝd´ventʃ(ǝ)rǝ] – авантюрист
citizen [´sɪtɪz(ǝ)n] – громадянин
imposition [ˏɪmpǝ´zɪʃ(ǝ)n] – оподаткування
suffrage [´sʌfrɪdʒ] – голосування
welfare [´welfeǝ] – добробут, соціальне забезпечення
underwent – випробовувати, переносити, піддаватися
renaissance [rɪ´neɪs(ǝ)ns] – відродження
preservation [ˏprezǝ´veɪʃ(ǝ)n] – збереження, консервування
literate [´lɪt(ǝ)rɪt] – грамотний, освічений
expatriate [ek´spætrɪeɪt] – емігрант
cartoonist [kɑ:´tu:nɪst] – карикатурист, художник-аніматор
anniversary [ˏænɪ´vɜ:s(ǝ)rɪ] – річниця
kowhai – кауваі (поширене новозеландське дерево)
gannet [´ɡænɪt] – баклан
whale [weɪl] – кит
Polynesian [pɒlɪ´nɪ:zɪǝn] – полінезієць, полінезійський
to settle [´setl] – поселятися
descendant [dɪ´sendǝnt] – нащадок, виходець
1. Answer the following questions to the text:
1. Where is New Zealand situated? 2. Where does the name “New Zealand” come from? 3. What is the capital of New Zealand? 4. Why did the Maoris call this country the country of long white clouds? 5. What are the aboriginal people of New Zealand called? 6. Who were the first Europeans known to reach New Zealand? 7. Who were the first people to live in New Zealand? 8. What is unusual in the nature of New Zealand? 9. Where can you see high waterfalls, mountains, called Alps, lakes, glaciers and fiords? 10. What bird is undeniably the national symbol of the country? 11. What is a kiwi like? 12. What languages are spoken on New Zealand? 13. When did the British colony of New Zealand become an independent dominion?