UNIT 5. JUDICIAL BRANCH OF THE UNITED KINGDOM
TEXT 1
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1. В Cоединенном Королевстве нет единого свода законов, кото-рый применялся бы во всем государстве.
2. Каждая из отдельных правовых систем в Англии и Уэльсе, Северной Ирландии и Шотландии имеет свою судебную власть.
3. Лорд — главный судья выполняет около 400 функций, учреж-денных законом…
4. Лорд — главный судья в настоящее время решает, где судьи заседают и какие дела они рассматривают…
5. Лорд-главный судья организовал Исполнительный комитет судебной власти, чтобы помочь в обеспечении руководства судебной властью…
6. Судьи разных уровней судебной системы могут иметь свои представительские организации…
Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.
1. What is the distinctive feature of the UK Judiciary?
2. Who has the responsibility over the UK Judiciary? Who had it previously?
3. What issues can the Lord Chief Justice decide? Whose support does he have?
4. What is the role of the Judicial Executive Board and Judges’ Council?
5. What is the role of judges’ representative organizations?
The United Kingdom does not have a single body of law applicable throughout the realm. Scotland has its own distinctive system and courts; in Northern Ireland, certain spheres of law differ in substance from those operating in England and Wales.
The Judiciary of the United Kingdom is not a single body either. Each of the separate legal systems in England and Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland have their own judiciary.
There are various levels of judiciary in England and Wales — different types of courts have different styles of judges.
As a part of the constitutional changes of April 2006, the Lord Chief Justice is responsible for some 400 statutory functions, which were previously the responsibility of the Lord Chancellor. For example, the Lord Chief Justice now decides where judges sit, and the type of cases they hear. To do this, the Lord Chief Justice has support from his judicial colleagues, as well as from a small administrative staff.
An outline structure for the organisation of the judiciary has been created. This document provides greater detail about the way in which the changes set out in the Constitutional Reform Act impact on the judiciary.
The Lord Chief Justice has created a Judicial Executive Board to help provide judicial direction and he has also strengthened the existing Judges’ Council, which is representative of all levels of the judiciary.
Sometimes different levels of judges have their own representative organisations, for example the Association of Her Majesty’s District Judges, or Council of Her Majesty’s Circuit Judges. These groups represent the interests of judges from a particular level or jurisdiction.
Finally, judges also have access to administrative support within the court environment, whether this is their own allocated clerk, court staff, or legal advisers for magistrates.
Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
1. What levels does the court system in England and Wales consist of?
2. What is the task of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council?
3. What is the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court?
4. What does the High Court consist of?
5. What cases does the Chancery Division deal with?
6. What cases does the Family Division resolve?
7. What cases does the Queen’s Bench Division examine?
8. What is the jurisdiction of the Crown Court?
9. What do Magistrates’ Courts deal with?
10. How are judges appointed?
TEXT 2
Courts in the United Kingdom
Vocabulary
1. High Court — Высокий суд
2. Crown Court — Суд Короны, суд по рассмотрению уголовных дел
3. magistrates’ court — магистратский суд
4. Chancery Division — канцлерское отделение (Высокого суда)
5. Family Division — отделение по семейным делам (Высокого
суда)
6. Queen’s Bench Division — отделение королевской скамьи (Вы-сокого суда)
7. indictable offences — преступления, преследуемые по обвини-тельному акту (тяжкие уголовные преступления)
8. either-way offences (syn. alternative or hybrid offences) — престу-пления двойной подсудности
9. summary offences (syn. minor offences) — суммарные преступле-ния (преследуемые в порядке суммарного, т. е. упрощенного произ-водства без участия присяжных), незначительные преступления
The court system in England and Wales can be considered as consisting of 5 levels:
Supreme Court (formerly the House of Lords) and the Judicial
Committee of the Privy Council Court of Appeal
High Court
Crown Court and County Courts
magistrates’ courts and the Tribunals Service
The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council is the court of final appeal for Commonwealth countries that have retained appeals to either Her Majesty in Council or to the Judicial Committee. Some functions of the Judicial Committee were taken over by the new Supreme Court in 2009.