CAN / COULD / MAY/ MIGHT/ SHALL/ WILL/ WOULD
1) модальный глагол can выражает способность в настоящем времени:
He canfly a helicopter.
2) cannot/ can't выражает неспособность что-то делать в настоящем времени:
She can'tcount to ten.
3) could выражает способность в прошлом:
I could ski very well when I was young.
4) could not/ couldn’t выражает неспособность что-то делать в прошлом:
They couldn’t spell their names at the age of two.
5) Can/ Could/ May/ Might I…? = Do you/ Would you mind if …? Эти структуры используются для того, чтобы спросить разрешение что-то сделать:
a) (informal): CanI go swimming?
No, you can't.
b) (more formal): Could/ May/ Might I have a look at this report?
Certainly/ Of course/ Why not/ No, I'm afraid you can't/ Yes, you can/ Yes, you may.
6) can/ may выражает разрешение что-то сделать (may – more formal);
can't/ mustn’t/ may not выражает неразрешение что-то сделать (may not обычно используется в письменных вывесках и объявлениях):
You can't see Kim tonight, but you can see her tomorrow if you like.
| You may not leave your luggage here |
7) Can/ Could/ Shall I …? = Would you like me to …? Эти структуры используются, когда мы предлагаем что-то сделать:
Can/ Could/ Shall I get you anything from the supermarket?
That would be great.
8) We can/ could…/ Shall/ Can/ Could we…? = Let's…/ How about…? What about…? Why don’t we…? Эти структуры используются для выражения совместной идеи, предложения или инструкции:
What shall we do tonight? We can/ could go to the cinema.
Shall/ Can/ Could we go to the market today? I'd (would) rather not.
9) Can/ Could/ Will/ Would you…? Мы используем эти структуры, когда просим кого-то что-то сделать для нас (would/ could – more polite, чем can/ will):
Can/ Could/ Will/ Would you help me with my French homework, please?
Certainly/ Of course/ I'm sorry, but I can't/ Yes, I'd (would) be happy/ glad to.
10) Can используется только в настоящем времени.
Could – это прошедшая форма модального глагола can.
Be able to используется для образования всей остальной временной системы:
I will be able to get a job when I finish school.
| present simple: can, am/ is/ are able to past simple: could, was/ were able to future simple: will be able to |
11) may/ might/ could выражает настоящую или будущую возможность:
Where's Aunt Julia? She may/ might/ could still be at work (Вероятно/ возможно, что она все еще на работе).
12) May/ Might/ Can/ Could I …? Используются для вежливых просьб (Might I …? – more formal, чем May I …? и используется не часто):
May/ Can/ Could I have a pen and some paper, please? Here you are.
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SHOULD
1)используется длявыражения совета:
You should be more careful (я советую/ тебе лучше быть осторожнее).
2) must выражает более сильный совет по интенсивности по сравнению с should:
You shouldtalk to your lawyer (было бы неплохо, если бы ты поговорил с адвокатом).
You must talk to your lawyer (я настоятельно рекомендую тебе поговорить с адвокатом).
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1. Заполните пропуски, используя shall или will:
1) … Shall … I help you with the washing-up?
2) …… we have pizza for dinner tonight?
3) …… you carry this for me, please?
4) …… we try this new recipe tonight?
5) What …… we buy for Bob's birthday?
6) ……you answer the phone, please?
7) Where …… we sit in the classroom?
8) …… you take the rubbish out for me, please?
9) …… you babysit for me tonight?
10) …… we have a barbecue next weekend?
2. Выберите правильный вариант:
1) You may/ mustn’t run in the corridors. It's dangerous.
2)Can/ should I ask you a question?
3)Will/ shall we go out for lunch today?
4) Youmust/ shouldn’t stay at home if you are ill.
5) Tommycan't/ couldn’t tell the time when he was a baby.
6) A: Can/ Might I have a biscuit please, Mum?
B: Of course. Help yourself.
7) You might/ needn’tclean the windows. I've already done them.
8) Will/ shallI help you?
9) You needn’t/ mustn’t do the shopping. I'll do it later.
10) A: Might I use your pen?
B: Of course you may/ might.
3. Выберите наиболее подходящий ответ:
1) Will you open the door for me, please?
A Yes, I may B Certainly
2) Could I speak to you for a moment, please?
A Yes, of course B No, you couldn’t
3) Shall I carry the bag for you?
A No, I won't B No, it's okay. I can manage.
4) Could I go to the cinema tonight, please?
A Not at all B Yes, if you like.
5) We could go to the theatre tonight.
A That’s a nice idea B No, we might not.
6) Can I borrow your pen, please?
A Not at all B Of course
7) Can you pick the children up from school for me?
ANo, I may not BNo problem
8) Would you please drive me to the airport tomorrow? My car is being serviced.
AI'd be happy to B Yes, I would
9) Can I help you, sir?
A No, you can't B No, thank you. I'm just looking.
10) Could you hold this for me, please?
A Yes, I could B Of course
11) Shall I take you to work tomorrow?
A Yes, please B No, you won't
4. Выберите правильный вариант:
А: Good morning. How can/ must I help you, sir?
B: I'd like to book a room for tonight, please?
A: Certainly sir.
B: How much does a single room cost for one night?
A: 35£, sir. Payable in advance.
B: What! Do I have to/ Could I pay right now?
A: Yes, I am afraid you need/ must pay in advance.
B: Really. Well! Do I have to/ Shall I pay in cash?
A: No, you mustn’t/ needn’t pay in cash. You could/ can't pay by credit if you prefer.
B: This is a bit unusual. I may/ must look in my wallet to see if I have enough cash with me.
A: You couldn’t/ don’t have to hurry, sir. Take your time.
………………………………………………………………..
A: Good morning. Here's the key. Could/ MustI leave my luggage here until twelve o'clock, please?
B: Of course. May/ Need I ask if you enjoyed your stay?
A: Oh yes. I can/ must write down the phone number, so that I can stay here again.
B: You mustn’t/ don’t need to do that, sir. I have to/ can give you our card.
A: Oh, thank you very much. Goodbye.
B: Goodbye.
5. Заполните пропуски подходящими модальными глаголами скажите, что они выражают в каждом предложении:
1) A: … May/ Can/ Could … I borrow your pen, please?
The speaker is asking for permission.
B: No, you ……. I'm using it.
2) A: I'm bored. What shall we do?
B: We …… go for a walk.
A: No, we …… because it's raining.
B: Let's watch a video, then.
3) A: My parents told me I …… go to the party tonight.
B: Never mind, I …… go either. We …… stay at home together, though.
4) A: Sir, …… I speak to you for a moment, please?
B: Certainly, but later today; I'm busy now.
5) A: Excuse me?
B: Yes?
A: … you tell me where the post office is, please?
B: Certainly. It's on the main road, next to the school.
6) A: Is anyone sitting on that chair?
B: No, you …… take it if you want to.
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COULD – WAS ABLE TO
1) was/ were able выражает способность в прошлом: удалось/ получилось у кого-то что-то сделать в определенной ситуации в прошлом (прошлое однократное действие):
She was able to climb to the top of the mountain.
2) could выражает способность совершать повторяющееся действие в прошлом:
He could run very fast when he was young.
3) c глаголами see, hear, feel, smell, taste, understand, remember, guess предпочтительнее использовать could, чем was/were able:
They could see the storm coming.
4) для выражения способности в прошлом используется отрицательная форма couldn’t в обоих случаях (и для однократного и для повторяющегося действия в прошлом):
My little sister couldn’t wash herself when she was two (повторяющееся действие в прошлом).
Mark tried, but he couldn’t find out what was wrong with the computer (однократное действие в прошлом).
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Выберите правильный вариант:
1) «Todd was a very talented child».
«I know. He …… play the piano well when he was seven».
A couldn’t B could Ccan
2) «I've just taken a loaf out of the oven».
«Oh that’s why I …… smell fresh bread when I came home».
A was able to B can't C could
3) «How was the test?»
«Easy. All the children …… pass it».
A were able Bcould C can't
4) The sweaters were cheap so I …… to buy two.
A could B was able to C can
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Времена группы ‟Continuous”
Настоящее продолженное время (Present Continuous Tense)
Образование:
1) с помощью вспомогательного глагола to be в простом настоящем времени (am, is, are) и смыслового глагола с окончанием –ing;
2) отрицательная форма образуется с помощью отрицательной частицы not, которая ставится после вспомогательного глагола;
| Утвердительная форма | Отрицательная форма | Вопросительная форма | ||
| Длинная | Короткая | Длинная | Короткая | |
| I am working | I'm working | I am not working | I'm not working | Am I working? |
| You are working | You're working | You are not working | You aren't working | Are you working? |
| He is working | He's working | He is not working | He isn't working | Is he working? |
| She is working | She's working | She is not working | She isn't working | Is she working? |
| It is working | It's working | It is not working | It isn't working | Is it working? |
| We are working | We're working | We are not working | We aren't working | Are we working? |
| You are working | You're working | You are not working | You aren't working | Are you working? |
| They are working | They're working | They are not working | They aren't working | Are they working? |
3) вопросительная форма образуется путем постановки вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем лице и числе перед подлежащим:
Употребление:
1) для действий, происходящих сейчас, в момент речи:
He is reading a book right now.
2) для временных действий, происходящих вокруг момента речи, в настоящий период времени, но не в момент речи:
She is practicing for a concert these days (But she is not practicing right now; she's resting).
3) для запланированных событий на ближайшее будущее:
He is flying to Milan in an hour (запланировано).
Временные показатели:
now, at the moment, at present, these days.
Краткие ответы:
| Are you…? | Yes, I am/ we are. | No, I am not/ we aren't. |
| Is he/ she/ it…? | Yes, he/ she/ it is. | No, he/ she/ it isn’t. |
| Are they…? | Yes, they are. | No, they aren’t. |
Are you reading? Yes, I am/ No, I am not.
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1. Заполните пропуски, используя форму Present Continuous:
1) He …… is sitting …… (sit) at the desk.
2) They …… (play) football.
3) She …… (eat) dinner.
4) You …… (read) a book.
5) The dog ……. (sleep).
6) Ann …… (swim).
7) I …… (watch) TV.
8) Tony …… (write) a letter.
9) The birds ……. (sing).
10) Mum …… (make) a cake.
2. Образуйте вопросительную и отрицательную формы следующих предложений, как это показано в образце:
1) He is riding a bicycle.
… Is he riding a bicycle?...
… He isn’t riding a bicycle…
2) They are listening to the radio.
3) She is drinking Coke.
4) You are dancing.
5) We are playing basketball.
6) I am running.
7) They are playing in the garden.
8) He is running to catch the bus.
9) She is taking her dog for a walk.
10) We are making a pie.
3. Составьте по подсказкам вопрос, затем дайте краткий утвердительный или отрицательный ответ. Если краткий ответ отрицательный, исправьте предложения по подсказкам, данным в скобках:
1) the parents / wear / sports clothes? (No/ smart clothes).