Alec hopes he will have travelled all over the world by the time he's thirty
2) Mark: start his own business.
3) Moira: become famous.
4) Kate: make her first collection.
5) Jack: build his own house.
6) Ted: have his first exhibition.
2. Раскройте скобки, используя Future Perfect Tense:
1) A: Come to my house at six o'clock.
B: …… (you/ finish) your homework by then?
2) Before the end of the year they …… (complete) …… redecoration.
3) A: Have you made the preparations for the party?
B: Not yet, but I …… (finish) them by this evening.
4) A: There's a meeting tomorrow at 4 o'clock.
B: I can't go if it is that late. I …… (leave) by then.
5) A: Have you finished decorating your house yet?
B: No, but I …… (finish) by Friday.
6) They …… (build) …… the road by the end of the year.
7) A: Sarah has gone to the cinema to see that film again.
B: I know. After this time, she …… (see) it five times.
8) A: Are you typing another report?
B: Yes. By the time I finish this one, I …… (type) twenty three reports today.
9) A: How is your project coming along? Is it done?
B: Not yet, but I …… (finish) it by the time the holidays are over.
10) By the end of March he …… (live) here for three years.
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Страдательный залог (Passive Voice)
Образование:
1) с помощью вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем времени и формы причастия прошедшего времени (Past Participle);
2) форма Past Participle правильных глаголов совпадает с формой Past Simple, т.е. к инфинитиву смыслового глагола (без частицы to) прибавляется окончание –(e)d;
3) форму Past Participle неправильныхглаголов необходимо заучивать наизусть (см. табл. неправильных глаголов в колонке Past Participle).
Present Simple: am/ is/ are + past participle
The office is cleaned twice a week.
The report is written every week.
Present Continuous: am / is / are being + past participle
The office is being cleaned now.
The report is being written at the moment.
Past Simple: was / were + past participle
The office was cleaned last week.
The report was written two days ago.
Past Continuous: was / were being + past participle
The office was being cleaned when the boss arrived.
The report was being written when the phone rang.
Present Perfect Simple: have / has been + past participle
The office has not been cleaned yet.
The report has just been written.
Past Perfect Simple: had been + past participle
The office had been cleaned by two o'clock.
The report had been writtenby six o’clock.
Future Simple: will be + past participle
The office will be cleaned tomorrow.
The report will be written in a few days.
Употребление:
1) показать, что действие важнее, чем человек, который производит действие:
The missing climber was found yesterday (Действие «was found» — важнее, чем человек/
люди, которые нашли скалолаза).
2) человек или люди представлены в предложениях предлогом by только в случае
необходимости (если они важны и нужны для упоминания):
Australia was discovered by Captain Cook (важно подчеркнуть, что Австралия была
открыта именно Captain Cook).
3) человек/ люди не упоминаются, если:
а) он/ они неизвестны:
Jim's car was stolen last night (Мы не знаем, кто украл машину Джима).
в) он/ они неважны:
Champagne is made in France.
с) он/ они очевидны из контекста:
The bank robbers are being chased (Очевидно, что полиция преследовала грабителей).
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1. Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках, в правильную форму страдательного залога:
1) A: These flowers are great.
B: They … were sent … (send) to me yesterday by one of my fans.
2) A: Have you ever appeared on TV?
B: Actually, I …… (recently/ ask) to take part in a show.
3) A: When will I have my car?
B: It …… (deliver) to your house the day after tomorrow.
4) A: So, when did they all tell you about the robbery?
B: I …… (inform) by the police as soon as they found out.
5) A: Why can't we go over the bridge?
B: Because it …… (repair) at the moment.
6) A: Who looks after your baby when you're at work?
B: Well, he …… (look after) by my mother.
7) A: Those pictures are beautiful.
B: They …… (paint) by my father while he was on holiday last summer.
8) A: Who does the washing-up in your house?
B: The dishes …… (wash) by my brother and then they …… (dry) by my sister.
9) A: Why can't I use your car?
B: Because it …… (service) at the moment. You can take Mum's car if you want.
10) A: Did you post the letters?
B: No, they …… (already/ post) by the time I came in.
11) A: What will happen to the criminals?
B: They …… (punish) for their crimes.
12) A: That’s a very pretty tablecloth.
B: It …… (give) to me last year for my birthday.
13) A: Have you moved house yet?
B: Yes. The last boxes …… (just/ move).
14) A: Have you heard about Jack?
B: Yes, he …… (promote) to senior manager.
15) A: Have they delivered my new desk?
B: No, it …… (not/ deliver) yet.
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Инфинитив (The Infinitive)
1. Два типа инфинитива:
the to-infinitive (инфинитив с частицей «to»): I want to go now.
the bare infinitive (инфинитив без частицы «to»): You must gonow.
2. Употребление «to-infinitive»:
1) после глаголов: want, agree, help, hope, tell, manage, offer, invite, promise, try, advise, expect, refuse, seem и т.д.:
She refused to answer my question.
2) после таких глаголов, как know, decide, learn, remember, ask и т.д., если за ними следует вопросительное слово (who, what, where, how и т.д.):
I don’t know what to do.
3) со словами too и enough:
He is too young to drive a car.
He isn’t old enough to drive a car.
4) для выражения цели/ причины (почему кто-то делает что-то):
I went to the florist's to buy some flowers.
3. Употребление «bare-infinitive»:
1) после модальных глаголов (can, could, must, needn’t, shall, will, may и т.д.):
He can't read.
2) после глаголов let и make:
My parents don’t let me stay out late.
Mother made me clean my room yesterday.
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1. Kate went to all these places yesterday. Why did she go there? Используя подсказки и образец, составьте следующие предложения:
1) train station/ catch/ train