Choose the word or word combination to match the definition. 1. Trade between buyers in one country and sellers in other countries. a) domestic trade b) foreign trade c) national trade
1. Trade between buyers in one country and sellers in other countries.
| a) domestic trade | b) foreign trade | c) national trade |
2. An amount that is taken off the normal selling price of a product.
| a) ) trade surplus | b) trade mark | c trade discount |
3. A group of countries that agree to trade with each other on favourable terms.
| a) trade association | b) trade block | c) trade creditor |
4. An amount that must be paid when particular goods are imported into a country, or something when they are exported.
| a) barrier | b) restriction | c) tariff |
5. A limit on the amount of a particular good that may be imported into a country during a given period of time.
| a) protectionism | b) quota | c) deficit |
6. A set of restrictions imposed by a government on buying and selling foreign currencies.
| a) exchange control | b) exchange rate | c) foreign exchange |
7. Trade between countries with few government restrictions.
| a) external trade | b) international trade | c) free trade |
8. The level of material comfort and wealth that a person or community has.
| a) living wage | b) living standard | c) standard rate |
9. A situation where a country exports more goods than it imports.
| a) trade investment | b) trade surplus | c) trade deficit |
10. Goods, as opposed to services, that are sold to other countries.
| a) invisible exports | b) visible imports | c) visible export |
11. The transport of goods by sea or air.
| a) carriage | b) freight | c) front loading |
12. An item, a service, an idea that is brought into one country from another.
| a) export | b) import | c) cargo |
13. An international organization that promotes trade in goods and services between nations.
| a) the World Trade Organization | b) the World Bank |
| c) the International Monetary Fund |
14. The process of trying to reach an agreement through discussion.
| a) negligence | b) necessity | c) negotiation |
15. An agreement, usually written and signed by those making it.
| a) commerce | b) contract | c) dealings |
16. Something done in a society because of tradition.
| a) customary | b) customs | c) custom |
17. The central bank, controlled by the United Nations, that lends money to member states.
| a) the Central Bank | b) the Federal Reserve System |
| c) the World Bank |
18. The amount by which the value of a country's imports is greater than the value of its exports.
| a) trade bill | b) trade deficit | c) trade surplus |
19. An arrangement between countries to follow certain rules on pricing, import duties, etc. when buying from and selling to each other.
| a) trade association | b) trade agreement | c) trade directory |
20. A small amount of money (in addition to the normal charge) to a waiter, taxi-driver, etc. to thank him/her.
| a) tip | b) title | c) token |
Unit VIII Business Communication
Lesson 1
Text: Computers
Grammar: Countable and Uncountable Nouns
Terms to remember:
| application | ™ | застосування; використання |
| impact | ™ | вплив |
| simplify (v) | ™ | спрощувати |
| store (v) | ™ | зберігати |
| retrieve (v) | ™ | відшукувати, видобувати (дані) |
| data | ™ | дані |
| user | ™ | користувач |
| desktop | ™ | настільний комп’ютер |
| laptop | ™ | переносний комп’ютер (ноутбук) |
| palmtop | ™ | кишеньковий портативний комп’ютер |
| hardware | ™ | апаратне забезпечення |
| software | ™ | програмне забезпечення |
| malfunction | ™ | порушення функціонування |
| bug | ™ | помилка в програмі |
| hacker | ™ | хакер |
Computers
Computer use continues to grow and develop in all spheres of our life. Its applications have had a great impact on the business world. Computers have helped society by increasing productivity and simplifying many services, such as checking accounts, credit cards, and telephone service.
A computer is an electronic machine that can store, retrieve, and process data with great speed and accuracy.
A PC is a personal computer which is the standard computer for most individual users. There are various sizes of personal computer, including a desktop, and portable types such as a laptop, a notebook or a palmtop.
Hardware is the actual machinery of a computer, the circuits, wires, and drives.
Software contains the instructions that tell a computer what to do at every step along the way. Software is entered into a computer in the form of a program. Some programs (called viruses) are deliberately designed to cause problems in a computer system. They are hidden in programs, and are not obvious to users.
A virus is an error that is introduced into a program with the intention of causing a malfunction. A computer may crash and stop working altogether. This may be caused by a bug (an error in the software).
A hacker is a person who gains unauthorized access to computer systems.
Exercises in Word Study
Ex.1. Form verbs from the following nouns:
growth, application, simplicity, storage, user, intention, retrieval.