Неопределенные местоимения
Indefinite Pronouns
Местоимения some, any, no и их производные
Some, any, no | +thing | +body | +one | +where | |
Утвердительные предложения | some некоторый, какой-то, какой-нибудь, несколько | something что-то, что-нибудь | somebody someone кто-то, кто-нибудь | somewhere где-то, где-нибудь, куда-то, куда-нибудь | |
any всякий, любой | anything всё | anybody anyone всякий, все | anywhere везде, повсюду | ||
Вопросительные предложения | any какой-нибудь | anything что-то, что-нибудь | anybody anyone кто-то, кто-нибудь | anywhere где-то, где-нибудь, куда-то, куда-нибудь | |
Отрицательные предложения | no= not … any никакой, ни один | nothing= not … anything ничто, ничего | nobody= not … anybody no one none никто | nowhere= not … anywhere нигде, никуда |
She asked me some questions. | Она задала мне несколько вопросов. |
Have you got any interesting books? | У тебя есть какие-нибудь интересные книги? |
Somebody has taken my pen. | Кто-то взял мою ручку. |
There isn’t anything on the table. | На столе ничего нет. |
Exercise 12. | Underline the correct item. |
Model: | Give me some/any hot water, please. Have you bought some/any milk? |
1. | I hardly know somebody/anybody here. |
2. | You can buy postcards at any/no post office. |
3. | Among all the people who came to the party she cared for anybody/nobody. |
4. | It was a great concert. Everybody/somebody enjoyed it. |
5. | Have they got any/some objections to our proposal? |
6. | Some/every day he will achieve great success. |
7. | Somebody/everybody who went to Egypt spent a good time. |
8. | Are you going anywhere/nowhere these summer holidays? |
9. | I want to go somewhere/anywhere but I don’t have no/any money. |
Exercise 13. | Fill in anyone/anybody, any, anything, no one/nobody, something, some, someone/somebody. |
Model: | Are there any extra chairs in the other classroom? |
1. | The chairman didn’t get suggestions from ____ in the audience. |
2. | I didn’t have ____ trouble with my report last night. |
3. | Did you see ____in the hall outside the office? |
4. | The secretary is speaking to ____ on the phone now. |
5. | He didn’t say ____ to the boss about his plans. |
6. | The girls didn’t buy ____ at the store today. |
7. | ____ knows a thing about this except you and me. |
8. | There’s ____ for you on the desk in your room. |
9. | There will be ____ in the office before 9 a.m. |
10. | The children are eating ____ ice-cream in the kitchen. |
Exercise 14. | Correct the mistakes in the sentences if it’s necessary. |
1. | Someone left the door open. |
2. | Did someone ring me up? |
3. | Did anyone come here while I was out? |
4. | I don’t have no milk left. Go and buy some. |
5. | Have you spoken to somebody about it? |
6. | What would you like: apple or banana? – Oh, some will do. It doesn’t really matter. |
7. | We didn’t meet anybody in the corridor. |
8. | I don’t need someone’s help. I’m a self – sufficient person. |
9. | In winter there are some flowers in the street. |
Much, many, few, little
Местоимения many и much имеют значение много, few и little имеют значение мало. Many и few употребляются с исчисляемыми существительными, much и little употребляются с неисчисляемыми существительными, например, с названиями веществ и абстрактными понятиями:
many books | много книг |
few books | мало книг |
much iron | много железа |
little iron | мало железа |
Many и much обычно употребляются в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях. В утвердительных предложениях они употребляются главным образом со словами very, too, so:
I could not permit him to take so much labour upon himself. | Я не мог допустить, чтобы он взял на себя такой большой труд. |
В утвердительных предложениях в значении many употребляются такие выражения: a lot (of), lots (of), plenty (of), a (large, great) number (of); в значении much – a lot (of), a (large, great) quantity (of), a good (great) deal (of):
There seemed a good deal of luggage when we put it all together. | Багажа оказалось много, когда мы его сложили весь вместе. |
A few, a little несколько, немного обозначают наличие небольшого количества, т. е. имеют положительное значение, в то время как few, little мало, немного подчеркивают недостаточность количества, т. е. имеют отрицательное значение:
There is a little milk. | Есть немного молока. |
There is little milk. | Молока мало. |
She has a few friends. | У неё есть несколько друзей. |
She has few friends. | У неё мало друзей. |
Exercise 15. | Fill in much, many. |
Model: | That program has much advertising and many interruptions. |
1. | That work took ____time. It was ____trouble for us. |
2. | You drank too ____ coffee and eat too ____ sandwiches last night. |
3. | Frank receives ____ e-mails from his friends and relatives. |
4. | You didn’t invite very ____ guests. |
5. | The waitress put too ____ cream and sugar in my coffee. |
6. | The students had ____ difficulties with the translation. |
7. | The radio is very loud now. It is making ____ noise. |
8. | He spoke too fast and used too ____ hard words for me. |
Exercise 16. | Fill in few, a few, little, a little. |
Model: | Would you like a little milk in your tea? And, please, have a few sweets, too. |
1. | I have ____ time, so let’s go for walk. |
2. | I don’t think she is a good teacher, she has got ____ patience. |
3. | ____ can afford to buy house abroad. |
4. | ____ people can play golf perfectly. |
5. | He went to ____ parties and enjoyed all of them. |
6. | She made ____ corrections to my business plan. |
7. | Did you have a chance to say ____ words to the boss before the meeting? |
8. | His ideas are very complex, and ____ people can understand them. |
9. | ____ knowledge is a dangerous thing. |
One
Местоимение one выражает неопределенное лицо и употребляется в качестве подлежащего в неопределенно-личных или безличных предложениях:
One never knows what may happen. | Никогда не знаешь, что может случиться. |
One should do it. | Следует это сделать. |
One should not neglect one’s duty. | Не следует пренебрегать своими обязанностями. |
Слово-заместитель one употребляется вместо ранее упомянутого существительного, чтобы избежать повторения. Перед ним может стоять артикль, оно может употребляться в форме множественного числа: